This study examines the extent to which civil society organisations (CSOs) contribute to adolescent girls’ reproductive justice in Kenya, focusing on Siaya County. Despite a robust constitutional and policy framework supporting adolescent sexual and reproductive health rights, significant implementation gaps persist, limiting girls’ reproductive autonomy and access to comprehensive services. Grounded in reproductive justice theory, the study adopts a qualitative descriptive design. Seventeen purposively selected CSOs implementing adolescent sexual and reproductive health programmes were engaged through in-depth interviews. Data were analysed thematically to explore programming strategies, perceived barriers to reproductive justice, and factors shaping policy implementation. Findings reveal that while CSOs employ diverse interventions—such as menstrual health management, gender-based violence prevention, community outreach, and policy advocacy—these largely reflect neoliberal approaches focused on individual behaviour change rather than structural transformation. Key barriers include entrenched sociocultural norms, religious resistance to comprehensive sexuality education, gendered power relations limiting adolescent agency, and restricted access to contraceptives and youth-friendly services. Policy implementation is further undermined by weak political commitment, poor coordination across governance levels, and inadequate funding at county level. Operational constraints, including donor dependency and short-term funding cycles, further limit CSO impact. From a reproductive justice perspective, current interventions insufficiently address the rights to have children, not have children, and parent in safe environments. The study highlights how intersecting inequalities compound marginalisation and calls for a shift toward rights-based, structurally oriented approaches to adolescent reproductive health.
Lolu cwaningo luhlola izinga izinhlangano zomphakathi (ama-CSO) ezinikela ngayo ebulungiswa bokuzala kwamantombazane asakhula e-Kenya, egxile eSifundazweni sase-Siaya. Naphezu kohlaka oluqinile lomthethosisekelo kanye nenqubomgomo olusekela amalungelo ezempilo ezocansi kanye nokuzala kwentsha, amagebe abalulekile okuqaliswa ayaqhubeka, anciphisa ukuzimela kokuzala kwamantombazane kanye nokufinyelela ezinsizeni ezibanzi. Ngokusekelwe kuthiyori yobulungiswa bokuzala, ucwaningo lwamukela umklamo ochazayo wekhwalithi. Ama-CSO ayishumi nesikhombisa akhethwe ngenhloso asebenzisa izinhlelo zezempilo zocansi kanye nokuzala kwentsha aye ahlanganyela ngezingxoxo ezijulile. Idatha yahlaziywa ngokwengqikithi ukuze kuhlolwe amasu ohlelo, izithiyo ezibonwayo ebulungiswa bokuzala, kanye nezici ezakha ukuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo. Okutholakele kuveza ukuthi nakuba ama-CSO asebenzisa ukungenelela okuhlukahlukene—njengokulawula impilo yokuya esikhathini, ukuvimbela udlame olusekelwe ebulilini, ukufinyelela emphakathini, kanye nokumela inqubomgomo—lokhu ngokuyinhloko kubonisa izindlela ze-neoliberal ezigxile ekushintsheni kokuziphatha komuntu kunoguquko lwesakhiwo. Izithiyo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa imikhuba yezenhlalo egxilile, ukumelana nenkolo emfundweni egcwele yobulili, ubudlelwano bamandla obulili obukhawulela i-ejensi yentsha, kanye nokufinyelela okukhawulelwe ezintweni zokuvimbela inzalo nezinkonzo ezilungele intsha. Ukuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo kuphinde kubukelwe phansi ukuzibophezela kwezepolitiki okuntekenteke, ukusebenzisana okungalungile kuwo wonke amazinga okuphatha, kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali okunganele ezingeni lesifunda. Izithiyo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa ukuncika kumnikeli kanye nemijikelezo yoxhaso yesikhashana, iphinde ibe nomkhawulo umthelela we-CSO. Ngokombono wobulungiswa bokuzala, ukungenelela kwamanje akulungisanga ngokwanele amalungelo okuba nezingane, ukungabi nabantwana, kanye nomzali endaweni ephephile. Ucwaningo lugqamisa ukuthi ukungalingani okuhlanganayo kuhlanganisa kanjani ukucwaswa futhi kudinga ukuthi kuguqukele ezindleleni ezisekelwe emalungelweni, ezigxile kwisakhiwo empilweni yokuzala yentsha.
Phuputso ena e hlahloba hore na mekhatlo ea sechaba (CSOs) e kenya letsoho hakae ho toka ea bana ba banana ba lilemong tsa bocha Kenya, e shebane le Siaya County. Leha ho na le moralo o matla oa molao-motheo le leano le ts'ehetsang litokelo tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano le tsa pelehi tsa bacha, likheo tse kholo tsa ts'ebetsong li ntse li tsoela pele, li fokotsa boikemelo ba banana ba ho ba le bana le phihlello ea lits'ebeletso tse felletseng. E ipapisitse le teori ea toka ea ho ba le bana, thuto e nka moralo o hlalosang oa boleng. Li-CSO tse 17 tse khethiloeng ka boomo tse kenyang tšebetsong mananeo a bophelo bo botle ba botona le botšehali ba bacha li ile tsa kenella ka lipuisano tse tebileng. Lintlha li ile tsa hlahlobjoa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng ho hlahloba maano a mananeo, ho nahanoang hore ho na le litšitiso tsa toka ea pelehi, le lintlha tse bopang ts'ebetsong ea maano. Liphuputso li senola hore le hoja li-CSO li sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho kenella-e kang tsamaiso ea bophelo bo botle ba ho ilela khoeli, thibelo ea tlhekefetso ea bong, ho buisana le sechaba, le bobuelli ba maano-tsena haholo-holo li bonahatsa mekhoa ea neoliberal e shebaneng le phetoho ea boitšoaro ba motho ka mong ho e-na le phetoho ea sebopeho. Litšitiso tsa mantlha li kenyelletsa litloaelo tse metseng ka metso, ho hanana le thuto e felletseng ea litaba tsa thobalano, likamano tsa botona le botšehali tse thibelang mekhatlo ea bacha, le ho se be le monyetla oa ho fumana lithibela-pelehi le litšebeletso tse thusang bacha. Ts'ebetsong ea maano e boetse e fokolloa ke boitlamo bo fokolang ba lipolotiki, khokahanyo e mpe ho pholletsa le maemo a puso, le khaello ea lichelete e lekaneng boemong ba setereke. Litšitiso tsa ts'ebetso, ho kenyeletsoa ho itšetleha ka bafani le nako e khuts'oane ea lichelete, li fokotsa ts'ebetso ea CSO. Ho ea ka pono ea toka ea pelehi, litšebelisano tsa hajoale ha li sebetsane ka mokhoa o lekaneng litokelo tsa ho ba le bana, ho se be le bana, le motsoali libakeng tse sireletsehileng. Boithuto bona bo totobatsa ka moo ho se lekane ho kopaneng ho kopanyelletsang khaello 'me ho hloka hore ho fetohele mekhoa e thehiloeng ho litokelo, e shebaneng le sebopeho sa bophelo bo botle ba pelehi ba bacha.
