Exploring the causes of the relationship breakdown between foster parent(s) and foster care-leaver(s) after turning 21

Abstract

The study aimed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors that lead to relationship breakdown between foster parents and foster care leavers as they exit the system at age 21. This study used a qualitative approach, employing exploratory, descriptive, and contextual designs. Sixteen purposively selected participants, eight foster care leavers and eight foster parents from Ekurhuleni Region, Gauteng, participated in the semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes, and ethical measures were followed to ensure participants’ safety and wellbeing. The study found that relationship breakdowns in foster care are linked to factors such as emotional abuse, behavioural problems, financial difficulties, lack of discipline, limited support, substance abuse, and inadequate social services. Participants stressed the need for better preparation and continuous support during the transition to adulthood. The study recommends structured programmes, stronger aftercare services, policy changes to strengthen family relationships and improve outcomes for foster care leavers.