Exploring the reasons for the lack of knowledge on HIV to prevent HIV infections among former secondary school-going young women in township communities, KwaZulu-Natal

Abstract

The study explored reasons for limited HIV related (human immunodeficiency virus) knowledge amongst former secondary school going young women aged 19 to 24 years in the Umlazi township community, KwaZulu Natal, and how these factors may undermine HIV prevention efforts. Given their disproportionate vulnerability to HIV infection, the study examined factors contributing to limited awareness, barriers to prevention initiatives, and educational approaches that could reduce risk. A qualitative research design employing purposive sampling was utilised. Data were collected through semi structured interviews with 15 young women who had completed secondary school and were analysed using thematic analysis. Participants reported receiving HIV education at school; however, they perceived it as outdated, judgemental, and limited in scope, with insufficient coverage of sexuality, gender relations, safe sexual practices, and HIV related stigma. Additional barriers included social stigma, inadequately trained educators, and limited support systems. The study recommends the wider implementation of peer led interventions and enhanced educator training to promote informed decision making regarding sexual and reproductive health and HIV risk reduction. The findings highlight the need to strengthen school based HIV education to improve HIV related knowledge, reduce vulnerability and support long term HIV prevention efforts in township communities.