Integrating gender-responsive budgeting into public expenditure frameworks: a case study of botswana’s ministry of finance and economic development

Tamapo, Moatlhodi

dc.contributor.advisor	Motebang ,Maria.
dc.contributor.author	Tamapo, Moatlhodi
dc.date.accessioned	2026-06-01T07:54:26Z
dc.date.available	2026-06-01T07:54:26Z
dc.date.issued	26
dc.identifier.uri	https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32556
dc.description	Ukwabiwa Kwezimali Ngokohlobo Lobulili (i-GRB) ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusetshenziswa emphakathini kuyintuthuko esanda kwenzeka e-Botswana. Ngesikhathi izwe lizibophezele ngokusemthethweni ukunqoba ukulingana ngokobulili, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwe-Sustainable Development Goal 5, ububanzi bokuxhumana kwe-GRB kanye nomthelela wayo kwimiphumela yezezimali abukacaci. Lolu cwaningo luphenye umthelela we-GRB obekiwe ngaphansi kukangqongqoshe wezezimali e-Botswana. Ucwaningo lugxile kuhlaka lwethiyori yobulili nokuthuthukiswa i-Gender and Development (i-GAD), egcizelela ukuguqulwa kwezikhungo kanye namandla okuphatha ukukhuculula uhlelo lokungalingani ngokobulili. Kusetshenziswe i- qualitative research kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yemibuzo esatshalaliswe kubabambiqhaza abangu-50 kanye nezinkulumo mpendulwano ezihleliwe ezinezimpimpi eziseqhulwini ezingu-20 ezivela kwiminyango efanele ngaphakathi kwe-Ministry. I-Thematic analysis yedatha iveze ukuba ngenkathi ukunakwa kokulingana kobulili kukhula ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo, ukubekwa kwe-GRB kusayinto engakapheleli. Izingqinamba ezidaluliwe zibandakanya ukungasaphazeka kwe-data, ubuchule bobuchwepheshe obuncane, ukuntengantenga kokubekwa kwenqubomgomo, kanye nokungazibophezeli ngokwanele kwepolitiki emazingeni okusebenza. Ngaphezulu, ukubuyekezwa kobulili buthatha njengokwengezwa kunokuhlanganyela kwinqubo yezezimali. Ngaphandle kwalezi zingqinamba, ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi kunamathuba athembisayo afana nokwesekwa okukhulayo kwabanikeli, ubukhona bamaphoyinti obulili asobala kweminye yeminyango, kanye nokuhambisana kwezinhlaka zamazwe — lokho kungasetshenziswa ukuqinisa i-GRB e-Botswana. Ucwaningo luqoke uhlaka lwe-GRB oluxubene, izinguquko zamasu ezihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwamandla ezikhungo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkomba ezibheka ubulili, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-GRB kwizinhlelo zomthetho, kanye nokusungulwa kwezinhlelo eziqinile zokubophezela kwezepolitiki nezokuphatha.	zul
dc.description	Tekanyetsokabo e e Tsibogelang Bong (GRB) mo dithulaganyong tsa ditirisomatlole tsa puso ke tlhabololo ya bošeng jaana mo Botswana. Le fa naga e dirile maitlamo a semmuso a go fitlhelela tekatekano ya bong, segolobogolo ka fa tlase ga Maikaelelo a Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang 5, selekanyo sa kopanyo ya GRB le segatlha sa dipoelo tsa matlole tse di akaretsang ga go ise go tlhaloganyesege. Thutopatlisiso e e batlisisitse gore GRB e tsentswe tirisong go le kana kang mo Lefapheng la Matlole mo Botswana. Thutopatlisiso e ne e lebile letlhomeso la tiori la Bong le Tlhabololo (GAD), le le gatelelang go fetola ditheo le dikamano tsa maatla go fedisa botlhoka tekatekano ga bong jo bo rulagantsweng. Go ne ga amogelwa moralo wa patlisiso wa sekwalitatifi, go dirisiwa motswako wa dipampiri tsa dipotso tse di rulagantsweng tse di neng tsa neelwa baarabi ba le 50 le dipotsotherisano tse di rulagantsweng bontlhabongwe le batlhagisi ba botlhokwa ba le 20 go tswa kwa maphateng a a maleba mo Lefapheng. Tshekatsheko ya morero wa dinewa e senotse gore le fa go na le temogo e e golang ya tekatekano ya bong mo pholising ya puo, tiragatso ya nnete ya GRB e santse e le e e kwa godimo. Dikgwetlho tse di supilweng di akaretsa go tlhoka dinewa tse di kgaogantsweng go ya ka bong, boitseanape jo bo lekanyeditsweng jwa setegeniki, mekgwa e e bokoa ya tiragatso ya pholisi, le maikemisetso a a sa lekanang a sepolotiki mo maemong a tiro. Go feta moo, dintlha tsa bong gantsi di tsewa e le ditlaleletsi go na le go kopanngwa mo thulaganyong ya mmatota ya tekanyetsokabo. Le fa go na le dikgwetlho tse, patlisiso e ne gape ya fitlhela ditšhono tse di solofetsang — tse di jaaka tshegetso ya batlamedi ba ba tlhagelelang, go nna teng ga dintlha tse di tsepameng tsa bong mo mafapheng mangwe, le go tsamaisana le matlhomeso a boditšhabatšhaba — a a ka dirisiwang go nonotsha GRB mo Botswana. Patlisiso e tshitsintse letlhomeso le le kopantsweng la GRB, diphetogo tsa ditogamaano tse di akaretsang kago ya bokgoni jwa ditheo, tlhabololo ya ditshupo tse di tlhokomelang bong, go kopanngwa ga GRB mo matlhomesong a semolao, le go tlhongwa ga mekgwa e e nonofileng ya maikarabelo a sepolotiki le a tsamaiso.	tsw
dc.description.abstract	Gender-Responsive Budgeting (GRB) within public expenditure systems is a relatively recent development in Botswana. While the country has made formal commitments to achieve gender equality, particularly under Sustainable Development Goal 5, the extent of GRB's integration and its impact on inclusive fiscal outcomes remain unclear. This study investigated the extent to which GRB has been implemented within the Ministry of Finance in Botswana. The study focused on the Gender and Development (GAD) theoretical framework, which emphasises transforming institutions and power relations to eliminate systemic gender inequality. A qualitative research design was adopted, using a combination of structured questionnaires administered to 50 respondents and semi-structured interviews with 20 key informants from relevant departments within the Ministry. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that while there is growing recognition of gender equality within policy discourse, actual GRB implementation remains superficial. Challenges identified include the lack of gender-disaggregated data, limited technical expertise, weak policy enforcement mechanisms, and insufficient political commitment at the operational level. Furthermore, gender considerations are often treated as add-ons rather than integrated into the core budgeting process. Despite these challenges, the study also found promising opportunities—such as emerging donor support, the presence of gender focal points in some departments, and alignment with international frameworks—that can be leveraged to strengthen GRB in Botswana. The research recommended an integrated GRB framework, strategic reforms including institutional capacity building, the development of gender-sensitive indicators, the integration of GRB into legal frameworks, and the establishment of stronger political and administrative accountability mechanisms.	en
dc.format.extent	1 online resource (xx,220 leaves): illustrations (some colour)	en
dc.language.iso	en	en
dc.subject	Ministry of Finance	en
dc.subject	Gender	en
dc.subject	Gender-Responsive Budgeting	en
dc.subject	Gender Equality	en
dc.subject	Gender Inequality	en
dc.subject	Gender Equity	en
dc.subject	Gender Sensitivity	en
dc.subject	Public expenditure	en
dc.subject	Botswana	tsw
dc.subject	SGD5 Gender Equality	en
dc.subject	Ukuphathwa kwezezimali	zul
dc.subject	Ubulili	zul
dc.subject	i-Gender-Responsive Budgeting	zul
dc.subject	Ukungalingani ngokobulili Gender	zul
dc.subject	i-Gender Equity	zul
dc.subject	ubucayi obuphathelene nobobulili	zul
dc.subject	i-Public expenditure	zul
dc.subject	i-Botswana	zul
dc.subject	Lefapha la Matlole	tsw
dc.subject	Bong	tsw
dc.subject	Tekanyetsokabo e e Tsibogelang Bong	tsw
dc.subject	Tekatekano ya Bong	tsw
dc.subject	Go sa Lekalekane ga Bong	tsw
dc.subject	Tshiamo ya Bong	tsw
dc.subject	Bosisi jwa Bong	tsw
dc.subject	Tirisomatlole a setšhaba	tsw
dc.subject	Botswana	tsw
dc.subject.lcsh	Budget -- Botswana
dc.subject.lcsh	Public finance -- Botswana
dc.subject.lcsh	Gender mainstreaming -- Botswana
dc.subject.other	UCTD	en
dc.title	Integrating gender-responsive budgeting into public expenditure frameworks: a case study of botswana’s ministry of finance and economic development	en
dc.type	Thesis	en
dc.description.department	Development Studies	en
dc.description.degree	D. Phil. (Development Studies)	en