Teaching strategies employed by grade 4 natural sciences and technology teachers in the mopani west district: a case study of Makhutswe Circuit

Abstract

This study explored the teaching strategies used by Grade 4 teachers in teaching Natural Sciences and Technology in selected primary schools within the Makhutswe Circuit of the Mopani West District. The study was prompted by concerns about learners’ understanding of Natural Sciences and Technology concepts at the intermediate phase. An interpretive paradigm and a qualitative case study research design were adopted to gain an in-depth understanding of teachers’ instructional practices. The study involved six (6) Grade 4 Natural Science and Technology teachers who were purposively selected from the participating schools. Data were generated through semi-structured interviews, non-participatory classroom observations, and questionnaires administered to Grade 4 Natural Sciences and Technology teacher and were analyzed thematically. Ethical considerations, including informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity, and voluntary participation, were strictly observed throughout the study. Trustworthiness was ensured through strategies such as triangulation of data sources, prolonged engagement, and member checking. The findings revealed that teachers predominantly used teacher-centered strategies such as direct instruction and question-and-answer methods, with limited use of learner-centered and inquiry-based approaches. Although some group work and demonstrations were observed, practical activities were minimal due to challenges including lack of resources, large class sizes, time constraints, and limited subject content knowledge. The study concludes that while teachers attempt to employ a range of teaching strategies, the effective implementation of learner-centered approaches remains limited. The study recommends ongoing professional development, improved resource provision, and enhanced support for teachers to strengthen the teaching and learning of Natural Sciences and Technology in Grade 4 classrooms.