Tsenguluso ya u ṱuluwa ha luambo lwa musanda: ngudo ya sosiolingwistiki

Abstract

This qualitative study critically examined the phenomenon of language flux or decline in Luambo lwa Musanda—the royal court language of the Vhavenḓa people. The Vhavenḓa are among the African ethnic groups with a distinct linguistic and cultural heritage. The central research concern addressed was the alarming decline of Luambo lwa Musanda, which reflects the broader erosion of Tshivenḓa cultural practices. This decline has far-reaching implications, including the loss of cultural identity, moral disintegration, and diminishing linguistic diversity. Within the Vhavenḓa community, language use displays a diglossic pattern: one variety reserved for the royal court and another for ordinary social interaction. Data were collected from purposefully selected participants residing within the Vhembe District Municipality in Limpopo Province, using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. In-depth interviews were employed to capture participants’ perceptions and experiences regarding the diminishing use of the royal court language. Thematic analysis was applied to interpret and categorise emerging themes. Findings revealed that the royal court language is gradually disappearing due to factors such as urbanisation, intermarriage, and modern socioeconomic influences. The study recommends multiple strategies for revitalising Luambo lwa Musanda, including the use of digital technology, systematic documentation, revival of traditional schools, and intergenerational knowledge exchange. Future research is encouraged to explore the potential of digital innovation in the preservation and revitalisation of the royal court language.