https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/29633 Mon, 03 Aug 2026 20:50:53 GMT 2026-08-03T20:50:53Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32773 Increasing foreign trade activities of the South African telecommunication industry in Sub-Saharan Africa Kovacik, Miroslav The growth of the telecommunications industry has triggered one of the most significant world-wide export programmes. Telecommunications is part of the chain, who directly participated promoting the industry in Sub-Saharan Africa. This thesis analyses the telecommunications industry and briefly reflects historical, political, economical and technical changes over time. It also highlights the potential for further stability. Liberalisation and stabilisation of the telecommunications industry are the main goals in the thrust into Sub-Saharan Africa. Major members of the industry that participate in the telecommunications sector are continually introducing new products and technologies. As they strive to increase business opportunities and build up the networks, they strive to develop rural areas, create jobs and educate masses of previously disadvantaged people. ln order to comprehend the growth of telecommunications in Sub-Saharan African countries, it is essential to understand the complex economic relationships that exist. Population, Gross National Product, GNP per capita, annual growth per country and the telecommunications market structure are used in this thesis to analyse the future growth of foreign trade to Sub-Saharan Africa. Part of the research conducted also examined the various financial resources and explained how to maximise the telecommunications sector in poor countries. Foreign capital, coupled to special soft terms, is playing a role in restructuring the sector, where this is needed. This study analyses some of the factors regarding export and import in relation to the development of the telecommunications industry in Sub-Saharan Africa. It incorporates special trade operations, the relationship between demand, offer, selling and production prices. A few statistical-mathematical models and indexes, which are part of this study, aim at analysing their relationship to each other and will reveal future growth and development possibilities. The study of the non-stop movement of the economic factors shows that on the one side the costs must be minimised and, on the other side, export, quality and services must be adequately maximised. Telecommunications has reached all economic sectors in African countries. It is envisaged that at the threshold of the new millennium, these telecommunications development procedures will continue and will be extended to every interacting industrial and non-industrial sector. Text and astract in English Thu, 01 Oct 1998 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32773 1998-10-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32772 'n Evaluerende ondersoek na die waarde van praktiese werk in biologie-onderrig op senior sekondere skoolvlak De Beer, Josef Johannes Jacobus This study investigates the value of practical work as a component of Biology teaching in South African schools at present. The significance of practical work needs to be assessed to determine whether future expenditure in this regard is justified. Practical work is expensive, requiring trained teachers and well-equipped laboratories. There is no evidence that experiment-based instruction develops improved attitudes, achievement, or laboratory skills in pupils more significantly than does lesson-based instruction. Whereas the role of a heuristic, problem-centered approach to practical work in motivating pupils and in stimulating them to realize affective and cognitive objectives is recognized, this study shows that such an approach is, at present, seldom followed in South African schools. Instead, practical work is characterized by routine 'cookery-book' procedures in which pupils merely carry out instructions from textbooks. The 'scientific method' therefore constitutes a 'hands-on' rather than a 'minds-on' approach. This study also investigates factors inhibiting meaningful learning during practical work, such as inadequate facilities, underqualified teachers, problems with the language of instruction, pupils' poorly developed spatial abilities, and 'educational noise' which causes pupils to lose track of the underlying concepts. Four general misconceptions concerning practical work are identified, namely that it cultivates positive attitudes and affective abilities, promotes psychomotor skills, fosters a scientific attitude and improves higher cognitive skills. This study, however, posits that none of these perceptions is true in the light of the methods according to which practical work is at present being approached in South African schools. This study offers the following recommendations: • Practical work should be more relevant and problem-centred. It should focus on pupils' needs and interests and should address current environmental problems and controversial issues. • Pupil creativity rather than rigid adherence to prescribed procedures should be encouraged. • Pupils' spatial abilities should be developed. • Mental rather than practical problem-solving should be promoted. • A professional code of conduct needs to be stressed in teacher training. • Involvement in Sharenet programmes should be encouraged. • Educationists need to place more emphasis on the affective domain as, only by taking account of pupils' personal and affective needs can levels in the cognitive domain be raised.; Hierdie studie ondersoek die waarde van praktiese werk as 'n komponent van Biologieonderrig in Suid-Afrikaanse skole. Die sinvolheid van praktiese werk moet geevalueer word ten einde te bepaal of toekomstige uitgawes in hierdie verband geregverdig is. Praktiese werk is 'n duur onderrigmetode wat goed opgeleide personeel en voldoende laboratoriumfasiliteite vereis. Daar is egter geen bewyse dat 'n eksperimenteel-gebaseerde onderrigmetode in 'n groter mate daarin slaag om affektiewe, kognitiewe en psigomotoriese doelstellings in die kind te ontwikkel, as met 'n tradisionele lesingbenadering nie. Terwyl die waarde van 'n heuristiese, probleemgesentreerde benadering tot praktiese werk in soverre dit die kind affektief en kognitief stimuleer, erken word, het hierdie studie aangetoon dat so 'n benadering tans selde in Suid-Afrikaanse skole toegepas word. Praktiese werk word tans gekenmerk deur 'n resepmatigheid waar die leerlinge eksplisiete instruksies in handboeke of werkkaarte volg. Die "natuurwetenskaplike metode" is daarom dikwels 'n "hands-on" eerder as 'n "'minds-on" -benadering. Hierdie studie ondersoek ook faktore wat leerbelemmerend tydens praktiese werk inwerk, onder andere onvoldoende fasiliteite, ondergekwalitiseerde onderwysers, probleme met die taalmedium, Jeerlinge se gebrekkige ruimtelike vermoens en oorbelading van leerlinge tydens praktiese werk, wat daartoe lei dat fundamentele konsepte nie deur leerlinge verwerf word me. Vier wanopvattings betreffende praktiese werk word uitgelig, naamlik dat dit ~sitiewe gesindhede en affektiewe doelstellings vaste, psigomotoriese vaardighede ontwikkel, leerlinge toerus met die sogenaamde .. natuurwetenskaplike houding", en hOCr kognitiewe vaardighede ontwik.kel. Hierdie studie toon egter aan dat nie een van hierdie opvattings waar is nie, as gevolg van die wyse waarop praktiese werk in Suid-Afrikaanse skole benader word. Hierdie studie doen die volgende aanbevelings aan die hand: • Praktiese werk moet meer relevant en probleem-georiCnteerd wees. Dit moet fokus op die leerling se behoeftes en belangstellings, en moet huidige omgewingsprobleme en kontroversiCle vraagstuk.ke aanspreek. • Leerlinge se kreatiwiteit moet aangemoedig word, eerder as die huidige bekJemtoning van rigiede, formele prosedures. • Leerlinge se ruimtelike vermoens moet ontwikkel eerder as bloot aanvaar word. • Kognitiewe eerder as praktiese probleemoplossing moet bevorder word. • 'n Professionele gedragskode in onderwyseropleiding moet beklemtoon word. • lnskakeling by Sharenet-programme moet aangemoedig word. • Opvoedkundiges moet meer k.Jem op die affektiewe domein plaas, want slegs dan kan doelstellings in die kognitiewe domein beter rea.liseer. Text in Afrikaans with abstract in English and Afrikaans Wed, 01 Sep 1993 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32772 1993-09-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32595 The management of issues in community pharmacies Theron, Danie Jacobus Given the dynamic and changing nature of the business environment in the Republic of South Africa, into which the added dimension of social, political and economic complexities intrude, and given the dynamic business environment in which community pharmacies currently (1993) operate, it is imperative that community pharmacists, particularly owners and managers, anticipate, identify and analyze, as well as, manage issues impacting on the future viability of community pharmacies. However, uncertainty exists regarding the ability of owners and managers of community pharmacies to manage issues affecting community pharmacies. This poses a problem for the future viability of community pharmacies. This study attempts to outline the critical issues impacting on community pharmacies within their task, and macro-environments and attempts to find an answer to the question of how issues affecting community pharmacies should be managed. Four hypotheses are formulated and twelve objectives are stated in order to complete this study. Focused interviews, media reports on community pharmacies and pharmaceutical industry publications provided information on the issues impacting on community pharmacies. These issues were regarded as preliminary issues. Empirical research, confirmed that there are a number of issues impacting on the future viability of community pharmacies. Literature studies on issues management provided information on the concept of issues. The term issues as it applies to issues management is defined as: Emerging, current or unfolding conditions of pressure in the task, and macro-environments of organizations which, through the public policy process, impact on the future viability of organizations. The different categories of issues according to their stage of development, their social context and their strategic dimension were also analyzed. Apart from emerging and current issues, a new concept of 'unfolding issues' is introduced in this study. The diminishing ability of organizations to influence issues as they develop in relation to time, as well as the importance of identifying issues during the early stages of development is emphasized. Literature studies provided information on the concept of issues management. For the purpose of this study, issues management is defined as: A management process determined to identify and analyze issues which can have a strategic impact on the future viability of an organization as well as managing an effective response to such issues. From the theoretical deliberation of issues management, as well as deductions from the empirical research conducted in this study, the conclusion is reached that issues management, as a management process, can be applied by owners/managers of community pharmacies. From the descriptive statistical results it is further concluded that owners/managers of community pharmacies do identify and analyze issues, and that they manage responses to such issues. The quality of issues management, as applied by owners/managers of community pharmacies was, however, not determined. A factor analysis revealed that the media, communication, networking and strategic management are used as aids by owners/managers in the management of issues affecting community pharmacies. Other relationships among selected independent and dependent variables are also explored in this study. The empirical research conducted in this study indicates that pharmacists as owners/managers of community pharmacies are not adequately equipped to apply the process of issues management in community pharmacies. In this regard it is recommended that community pharmacists can be only become part of an issues identification program when trained to identify issues by effectively applying environmental scanning techniques. In conclusion, recommendations on how to apply the process of issues management within professional pharmacy organizations are provided. Sat, 01 Jan 1994 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32595 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/31668 Grade 12 teachers' attitude towards mass-media transmitted educational supplements Mokgatlhe, Phefo L. The purpose of this research was to investigate the essence of Grade 12 teachers' attitude towards the use of Mass-Media Educational Supplements,to textbooks and teachers as well. Firstly, the study sought to examine Grade 12 teachers' use of Mass-Media in their lessons. Secondly, the study sought to determine problems Grade 12 teachers experience when they apply Mass-Media in their lessons.Lastly, the study sought to determine the cause of problems for Grade 12 teachers when applying Mass-Media. Data were collected from one school in Thabong (Welkom). Two instruments were used to collect the data. The first instrument was the questionnaire which collected primary data, and the second instrument was the interview which collected secondary data to complement the primary data collected through the questionnaires. The results have revealed that Grade 12 teachers do in fact, have a positive attitude towards having to use Mass-Media Educational Supplements. The problem lies with lack of resources at schools. and also the time clashes at school with the time for example on which The Learning Channel is being aired. This study therefore. recommends that problems with regard to the time- table and lack of resources be addressed from a higher level than the school level. and also that Mass-Media supplements being in schools, should be centrally co-ordinated. They should be just left as a loose Text in English Sun, 01 Oct 2000 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/31668 2000-10-01T00:00:00Z