https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/2770 Fri, 26 Jun 2026 21:48:28 GMT 2026-06-26T21:48:28Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32633 Assessing the application of intelligence-led investigations into the illicit tobacco industry in South Africa Du Plooy, Johan Diederick This study assesses the application of intelligence-led investigations (ILIs) into the Illicit Tobacco Trade (ITT) in South Africa. This study adopted a qualitative, constructivist multiple case study design, employing purposive sampling and in‑depth semi‑structured interviews with multi-sectoral experts, with data analysed thematically to generate contextually grounded insights into intelligence‑led investigations in South Africa’s illicit tobacco trade. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews with participants from diverse national and international sectors, including law enforcement, private security, corporate intelligence, and financial intelligence, focusing on their engagement with ILIs in the context of South Africa’s ITT. The findings reveal notable disparities in ILI maturity between private-sector entities and public-sector bodies, inconsistent policy awareness, fragmented agency roles, poor coordination, uneven analytical standards, and implementation inefficiencies that impede ILI's potential to counter ITT in South Africa. In response, this study proposes an Intelligence-Led Investigation Maturity Assessment and Implementation Model (ILI-MAIM) for combating ITT in South Africa. This contemporary model addresses the absence of integrative, context-sensitive enforcement models for ITT by synthesising institutional coordination, intelligence-led approaches and capacity constraints into a novel, adaptable framework that enhances coherence and operational alignment in fragmented enforcement environments on combating ITT in South Africa.; Lolu cwaningo lokuhlola lwenziwe kusetshenziswa uphenyo oluholwa ulwazi lwezobunhloli (Intelligence Led Investigation- ILI) lumayelana nokuhweba okungekho emthethweni ngogwayi eNingizimu Afrika okwaziwa nge ITT. Imininingwane yaqoqwa ngohlelo lwezingxoxo ezijulille nalabo ababambe iqhaza abavela emikhakheni ehlukahlukane kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa abezokuphepha kombuso (amaphoyisa), abezokuphepha abazimele, ubunhloli bezinkampani, kanye nobunhloli bezimali, lokhu bekugxile ekubandakanyekeni kwabo kuma-ILI esimeni se- ITT eNingizimu Afrika. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukungalingani okukhulu ezingeni lokuvuthwa kanye nokuthuthuka kwama- ILI phakathi kwezinhlaka zomkhakha ozimele nezomphakathi, ukuqwashisa okungahambisani nezinqubomgomo, ukuhlukaniseka kwezindima kwezindima zezinhlaka, ukungabi nokuhleleka, nokubambisana okwanele, amazinga angalingani okucubungula ulwazi/ idatha, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle ekusetshenzisweni, konke lokho okumba amandla aphelele ama- ILI ekulwisaneni ne ITT eNingizimu Afrika. Njengempendulo lolucwaningo luphakamisa iModeli Yokuhlola nokuSebenzisa ukuvuthwa koPhenyo Oluholwa uLwazi lwezoBunhloli (ILI-MAIM) ukulwa ne ITT eNingizimu Afrika. Lemodeli yesimanje yandisa kulwazi olukhona futhi inikela ngokubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinqubomgomo nasekusebenzeni, mayelana nama- ILI kanye nokulwa nokuhweba okungekho ngogwayi okungekho emthethweni eNingizimu Afrika.; Nyakišišo ye e sekaseka tšhomišo ya dinyakišišo tša go thewa godimo ga inithelitšentshe (ILI) ka ga Kgwebišano ya Motšoko ye e sego Molaong (ITT) ka Afrika Borwa. Datha e kgobokeditšwe ka dipoledišano tše di tseneletšego le bakgathatema go tšwa makaleng a go fapafapana a bosetšhaba le a boditšhabatšhaba, go akaretšwa phethagatšo ya molao, tšhireletšo ya phraebete, inithelitšentshe ya dikhamphani, le inithelitšentshe ya ditšhelete, go šeditšwe kudu go ditshomišano tša bona le di-ILI ka gare ga maemo a ITT ya Afrika Borwa. v Dikutullo di utolla diphapano tše di lemogegago tša metšhurithi ya ILI gare ga ditheo tša lekala la phraebete le mekgatlo ya lekala la mmušo, temošo ya pholisi ye e fetogafetogago, dikarolo tša ditheo tše di aroganego, kgokaganyo ye mpe, maemo a tshekatsheko ye e sa lekalekanego, le go se šome gabotse ga phethagatšo yeo e šitišago bokgoni bja ILI bja go lwantšha ITT ka Afrika Borwa. Go fa karabo, nyakišišo ye e šišinya Mmotlolo wa Phethagatšo le Tekolo ya Metšhurithi wa Dinyakišišo ya go thewa godimo ga inithelitšentshe (ILI-MAIM) go lwantšha ITT ka Afrika Borwa. Mmotlolo wo wa sebjalebjale o tšwetša pele tsebo ye e lego gona, o fa seabe se segolo go pholisi ya phrakethikhale le tlhabollo ya tshepedišo mabapi le ILI le polelo ye e nabilego ka ga go lwantšha ITT ka Afrika Borwa. Abstract in English, IsiZulu and Sepedi Sat, 31 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32633 2026-01-31T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32306 Exploring the experiences of police officials in the investigation of motor vehicle accident (MVA) crime scenes in Tshwane metropolitan area Tshilidzi, Tshiafhula Tue, 18 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32306 2022-01-18T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32302 Terrorism as a core international crime: a case for the amendment of the Rome statute Ogega, Diana Kemunto It is widely accepted that the international community has an interest in the prevention and prosecution of certain crimes. These crimes are regarded as so egregious that they transcend state sovereignty and are subject to universal jurisdiction. A number of crimes have consistently been recognized as being subject to universal jurisdiction owing to their severity and the universal condemnation which such conduct evokes from all nations and peoples of the world. The reasoning is that such crimes threaten the most fundamental interests of the international community. It has been established that genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and crimes of aggression are grave international crimes within the international community. Terrorism is as heinous as all the other core crimes presently included in the Rome Statute. It destroys infrastructure, increases violence and fear, disrupts livelihoods, has resulted in bloodshed and affects production in all sectors of the economy. The operation, command and control of terrorist groups is transnational in nature. It is an international crime. As a result, counter-terrorist measures will not be effective unless all nations adopt a common approach to the treatment of terrorism as an international crime. The point of departure should be to recognize terrorism as a core international crime under the Rome Statute. This will grant the International Criminal Court jurisdiction over acts of terrorism as a distinct offence. This study seeks to argue for the amendment of the Rome Statute to include terrorism as a core international crime. Mon, 18 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32302 2021-01-18T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32295 An exploration of the value of informers in the investigation of murder cases in Krugersdorp Ndoneni, Clarice The purpose of this study is to explore the value of informers in the investigation of murder cases in Krugersdorp. The study was informed by phenomenological philosophy and adopted the qualitative research approach using exploratory research. The study used purposive sampling in which 14 participants were selected to take part in semi-structured interviews. The study concludes that there are three types of informers, namely full-time informers, occasional informers, paid informers, and that informers can assist in the quick and cost-effective solving of murder cases. The recruiting process of informers includes studying criminal targets, identification of informers, and recruitment of the informer. It was discovered from the findings that the first stage of the recruitment process is to study the criminal targets. In this case, the detectives develop a strategy on how to successfully finalise the investigation in the murder cases. The study concludes that the informer screening and selection process includes elements such as the informer’s knowledge of tactics, weapons, legal principles, undercover strategies, evidence collection, and preservation of evidence. There are various approaches used to recruit informers at Krugersdorp SAPS. These approaches include the development approach, combined approach, and direct approach. In the development approach, it was discovered that a relationship is established between the SAPS recruiters and potential informers before the actual recruitment takes place. In the combined approach, the recruitment is affected by the third party, while the identity of the initial recruiter remains concealed. In the direct approach, no prior contact exists between the recruiter and the potential agent. The recruiter must always be aware that not all informers can be trusted as some are criminals and can put the handler’s life in danger. Informers should be trained on operational aspects by experienced agents who participated in similar undercover operations. It was strongly recommended that a training course for detectives and informer handlers should be developed and implemented on undercover operations. An internal South African Police Service directive should be developed and implemented to ensure uniformity with the application of undercover operations. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32295 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z