https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/21636 Tue, 05 May 2026 13:56:18 GMT 2026-05-05T13:56:18Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32281 Implementation of electronic signatures to increase productivity and mitigate risk within the conveyancing process in South Africa Abrahams, Luke This study’s aims are to investigate how electronic signatures can mitigate risks and increase productivity within South Africa’s conveyancing process. The transfer of land ownership in South Africa is often complex, inefficient and time-consuming, compounded by manual signature authentication, limited digitisation and concerns around fraud and security. The study explores whether electronic signature technology can enhance efficiency and protect against signature-related fraud, such as unauthorised document alterations or identity theft. Using a qualitative research method, data were collected through twelve online semi-structured interviews focusing on three major conveyancing organisations in South Africa and document analysis of six documents to triangulate the findings. The three organisations are recognised for their legal authority in facilitating the compilation and signing of property-related documents. The audio-recorded interviews and document data were analysed using content analysis whereby themes and subthemes were identified after using open coding. Ethical principles were followed, and participant informed consent was obtained, with ethical clearance and permission obtained before data collection commenced. This study was limited to personal interviews within the conveyancing industry, relying on self-reported data. Time constraints and the use of closed-ended questions further restricted the depth of analysis. This study was further limited to the implementation of electronic signatures for productivity, excluding the full land transfer process and its bottlenecks. This research contributes to the literature and provides new insights into how electronic signatures, if implemented, could improve productivity and efficiency within the land transfer processes. This research highlights both the challenges and opportunities of adopting electronic signatures, including the legal and regulatory framework governing their use, as well as the potential for conveyancers to drive digital transformation in the industry. The findings indicate that several barriers impact the implementation of electronic signatures in the conveyancing industry, such as legal restrictions, high technology costs, and inconsistencies in signature verification methods. However, the study concludes that adopting electronic signatures can reduce risks and enhance productivity by streamlining the signing process, improving security through audit trails and encryption, and reducing manual document 3 handling. Electronic signatures offer distinct advantages over handwritten signatures, facilitating operational efficiency and strategic value for organisations. Robust security measures are essential to ensure that these benefits are fully realised, making electronic signature technology a crucial component of digital transformation in conveyancing. The recommendations of the findings indicate that there is a need for investment in training and upskilling staff on issues related to information security and specifically cybercrime. Additionally, conveyances should seek to standardise manual signature and document vetting while integrating elements of the Parkerian Hexad model namely confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity and utility. These principles enhance fraud prevention and ensure signed documents remain secure and unaltered. In addition, legal policymakers should consider updating legislation to include provisions for electronic signatures within the land transfer process. Furthermore, the deeds office remains a central role player in land transaction processes and should invest in the necessary infrastructure and workforce training to implement electronic signatures, cloud storage and the verification processes needed by conveyancers to improve security, mitigate risks and streamline operations.; Iinjongo zolu phandolwazi kukuphanda indlela utyikityo lwe-elektroniki olunokuthi lunciphise ngayo imingcipheko kunye nokwandisa imveliso kwinkqubo yobhalisozitayitile yoMzantsi Afrika. Ukugqithiselwa kobunini bomhlaba eMzantsi Afrika kudla ngokubanzima, kungasebenzi kwaye kutye ixesha, kusokoliswa luqinisekiso lotyikityo olwenziwa ngesandla, ukunqongophala koguqulelolwazi kwidijithali kunye neenkxalabo zobuqhophololo nokhuseleko. Olu phandolwazi luphonononga ukuba ingaba ubuchwepheshe botyikityo lwe-elektroniki bungaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye bukhusele kubuqhophololo obunxulumene nokutyikitya, obufana nokutshintshwa kwamaxwebhu okungagunyaziswanga okanye ubusela bezazisi. Idatha iqokelelwe ngokusebenzisa isikhokelo sophandontyilazwi ngodliwanondlebe lwangentanethi olucwangciswe mayane nabathathinxaxheba abalishumi elinambini, lugxile kumaqumrhu amathathu amakhulu obhalisozitayitile eMzantsi Afrika kunye nohlalutyo lwamaxwebhu amathandathu ukuqinisekisa ubunyani nokuthembeka kweziphumo. La maqumrhu mathathu aqinisekisiwe ngegunya lawo elisemthethweni ekuququzeleleni ukuqulunqwa nokutyikitywa kwamaxwebhu anxulumene nepropati. Udliwanondlebe olurekhodiweyo kunye neenkcukacha zamaxwebhu zihlalutywe kusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lomxholo apho kuye kwachongwa imixholo nemixholwana emva kokusetyenziswa kohlalutyo lokuhlelwa kwedatha ngokwemixholo. Ilandelwe imigaqo yokuziphatha kuphandolwazi, kwaye nemvume yokuthatha inxaxheba kwabathathinxaxheba kuphandolwazi iye yafunyanwa, nemvume nokuvunyelwa komphandilwazi ukuba aqhube uphandolwazi ethe yafunyanwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukuqokelela idatha. Olu phandolwazi belugxile kudliwanondlebe nabantu ngaphakathi kwicandelo lobhalisozitayitile, ngokuxhomekeke kwidatha ezichazayo. Ubunzulu bohlalutyo lwedatha buye bathintelwa ngakumbi yimiqobo yexesha nokusetyenziswa kwemibuzo evalelekileyo. Luphinde lwanyinwa ekuphunyezweni kotyikityo lwe-elektroniki ukwenzela imveliso, ngaphandle kwenkqubo epheleleyo yokudluliselwa komhlaba kunye nemiqobo yayo. Olu phandolwazi lunegalelo kuncwadi kwaye lubonelela ngeengcamango ezintsha malunga nokuba, ukuba utyikityo lwe-elektroniki luyafezekiswa, lungaphucula imveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle phakathi kwiinkqubo zokudlulisela umhlaba. Lukwabhentsisa imingeni namathuba okwamkela utyikityo lwe-elektroniki, kubandakanywa nesikhokelo somthetho nesolawulo esilawula ukusetyenziswa kolu tyikityo, kwakunye nokubanakho kwababhalisizitayitile ukuzisa inguqu yedijithali kweli candelo. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba kukho imiqobo emininzi enempembelelo ekuphunyezweni kotyikityo lwe-elektroniki kwicandelo lobhalisozitayitile, efana nezithintelo zomthetho, iindleko eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe, kunye nokungahambelani kwiindlela zokuqinisekisa utyikityo. Nangona kunjalo, olu phandolwazi luqukumbela ukuba ukwamkela utyikityo lwe-elektroniki kunganciphisa imingcipheko kwaye kuphucule imveliso ngokulungelelanisa inkqubo yokutyikitya, ukuphucula ukhuseleko ngeendlela zophicothozincwadi noguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphathwa kwamaxwebhu ngesandla. Utyikityo lwe-elektroniki lubonelela ngoncedo olwahlukileyo kutyikityo olubhalwe ngesandla, luququzelela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nexabiso lobuchule bokusebenza kumaqumrhu. Abalulekile amanyathelo okhuseleko omeleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba le nzuzo ifezekiswa ngokupheleleyo, okwenza ukuba ubuchwepheshe botyikityo lwe-elektroniki bube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenguqu yedijithali kubhalisozitayitile. Izindululo zeziphumo zibonisa ukuba kukho imfuneko yotyalomali ekuqeqesheni nasekuphuculeni izakhono zabasebenzi kwimiba enxulumene nokhuseleko lolwazi ingakumbi ulwaphulomthetho ngezobuchwepheshe. Ukongeza, kufuneka icandelo lobhalisozitayitile likhangele ukulungelelanisa utyikityo olwenziwa ngesandla kunye novavanyo lwamaxwebhu ngelixa kuhlanganiswa izinto eziyinxalenye yeParkerian Hexad model ezizezi, ubumfihlo, ingqibelelo, ukufumaneka, ukunyaniseka kunye nokuba luncedo. Le migaqo iphucula uthintelo lobuqhophololo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu atyikityiweyo ahlala ekhuselekile kwaye engenakutshintshwa. Ukongeza, kufuneka abaqulunqi bomgaqonkqubo womthetho bacinge ngokuhlaziya umthetho ukuze ubandakanye izibonelelo zotyikityo lwe-elektroniki ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yokudluliselwa komhlaba. Ngaphaya koko, iofisi yeetayitile ihlala idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zentengiselwano yomhlaba kwaye kufuneka ityale imali kwiziseko ezingundoqo eziyimfuneko kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi ukuze kufezekiswe utyikityo lwe-elektroniki, ukugcinwa kwedatha yekhompyutha kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ezidingwa ngababhalisizitayitile ukuphucula ukhuseleko, ukunciphisa imingcipheko kunye nokulungelelanisa iinkqubo zomsebenzi.; Hierdie studie se doel is om te ondersoek hoe elektroniese handtekeninge risiko’s kan verminder en produktiwiteit kan verhoog in Suid-Afrika se transportbesorgingsproses. Die oordrag van grondbesit in Suid-Afrika is dikwels ingewikkeld, ondoeltreffend en tydrowend, en dit word verder bemoeilik deur geskrewe handtekeningverifikasie, beperkte digitalisering en bekommernisse oor bedrog en sekuriteit. Die studie verken of elektroniese handtekeningtegnologie doeltreffendheid kan verbeter en ’n mens kan beskerm teen handtekening-verwante bedrog, soos ongemagtigde dokumentwysigings of identiteitsdiefstal. ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode is gebruik om data in te samel deur middel van 12 aanlyn halfgestruktureerde onderhoude met die fokus op drie groot transportbesorgingsorganisasies in Suid-Afrika, asook dokumentontleding van ses dokumente om die bevindings te trianguleer. Die drie organisasies word erken vir hulle wetlike gesag wat betref die fasilitering van die samestelling en ondertekening van eiendomverwante dokumente. Die oudio-opgeneemde onderhoude en dokumentdata is ontleed deur inhoudsanalise waar temas en subtemas geïdentifiseer is ná die gebruik van ope kodering. Etiese beginsels is gevolg en ingeligte toestemming is by deelnemers verkry. Etiese klaring en toestemming is verkry voordat daar met die insameling van data begin is. Hierdie studie is beperk tot persoonlike onderhoude in die transportbesorgingsbedryf en het berus op selfgerapporteerde data. Tydsbeperkings en die gebruik van geslote vrae het die diepte van die ontleding verder beperk. Hierdie studie is ook beperk tot die implementering van elektroniese handtekeninge vir produktiwiteit, en het nie die volledige grondoordragproses en knelpunte ingesluit nie. Hierdie navorsing dra by tot die literatuur en bied nuwe insigte oor hoe elektroniese handtekeninge, indien dit geïmplementeer word, produktiwiteit en doeltreffendheid in die grondoordragprosesse kan verbeter. Hierdie navorsing beklemtoon sowel die uitdagings as die geleenthede wat betref die aanname van elektroniese handtekeninge, insluitende die wetlike en regulatoriese raamwerk wat die gebruik daarvan beheer, asook die potensiaal vir transportbesorgers om digitale transformasie in die bedryf te dryf. Die bevindings dui aan dat verskeie hindernisse ’n invloed het op die implementering van elektroniese handtekeninge in die transportbesorgingsbedryf, soos wetlike beperkings, hoë 5 tegnologiekoste en strydighede wat handtekeningverifikasie-metodes betref. Die studie het egter beslis dat die aanname van elektroniese handtekeninge risiko’s kan verminder en produktiwiteit kan verbeter deur die ondertekeningsproses te vereenvoudig, sekuriteit te verbeter deur ouditspore en enkripsie, en die hantering van dokumente met die hand te verminder. Elektroniese handtekeninge het duidelike voordele bo handgeskrewe handtekeninge, en fasiliteer operasionele doeltreffendheid en strategiese waarde vir organisasies. Goeie sekuriteitsmaatreëls is noodsaaklik om te verseker dat hierdie voordele ten volle verwesenlik word, en verseker dus dat elektroniese handtekeningtegnologie ’n noodsaaklike komponent is wat digitale transformasie in transportbesorging betref. Die aanbevelings van die bevindings dui aan dat daar ’n behoefte is om personeel op te lei en hulle vaardighede uit te brei wat aangeleenthede betref wat verband hou met inligtingsekuriteit en spesifiek kubermisdaad. Verder moet transportbesorgers daarna streef om handgeskrewe handtekeninge en dokumentkeuring te standaardiseer terwyl hulle elemente van die Parkerianse sespuntmodel (Parkerian Hexad model) – vertroulikheid, integriteit, beskikbaarheid, egtheid en nut – integreer. Hierdie beginsels bevorder die voorkoming van bedrog en verseker dat getekende dokumente veilig en onveranderd bly. Verder moet beleidmakers dit oorweeg om wetgewing by te werk om bepalings in te sluit vir elektroniese handtekeninge in die grondoordragproses. Die aktekantoor moet ook ’n sentrale rolspeler bly in grondoordragprosesse en moet belê in die nodige infrastruktuur en opleiding van die arbeidsmag om elektroniese handtekeninge, wolkberging (cloud storage) en die verifikasieprosesse wat deur transportbesorgers benodig word te implementeer om sekuriteit te verbeter, risiko’s te verminder en bedrywighede te vereenvoudig. Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32281 2024-10-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32188 Employee health and wellness for a productive workforce: a case study of the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Social Development Kunene, Caiphus Mhlonipheni The work-related stress is a growing concern within the KZN-DSD that affects not only the health and wellbeing of employees, but also the productivity of employees within the workplace. The limited resources in human and finance is unable to respond to the unlimited needs of the KZN-DSD employees. The work stress is caused by work demands which supersedes the employees’ capacity because the KZN-DSD is not adequately staffed. The employees of the KZN-DSD are under immense pressure because of the work demands that are greater than they can comfortably manage. The employee health and wellness program does not feature prominently in the KZNDSD’s executive management meetings and the unit is not well structured. The impact and significance of employee health and wellness program within the KZN-DSD must not be underestimated. Therefore, it becomes extremely difficult to provide effective health and wellness interventions to the employees of the DSD. The study used a specific set of research method such as a questionnaire to elicit information from the recipients of a health and wellness program. The participants were asked to answer research questions on employee health and wellness. Therefore, the qualitative research method was employed to seeks answers to questions on the implementation of health and wellness program. The most significant findings of the study were, employees cannot be productive at work if stress management, work-life balance, commitment to employee health and wellness are overlooked. The employee health and wellness program cannot be effectively implemented if the unit on health and wellness is not structured and human and financial resources are not adequately provided. The failure of the KZN-DSD in implementing health and wellness programs was largely attributed to the lack of commitment by the top management who fails to consider health and wellness as a significant program to optimise employees’ performance in the workplace. The primary contribution of the study is, it generates new knowledge which seeks to improve the practical implementation of health and wellness program, reduce the impact of stress and increase productivity of employees at work. Abstract and text in English Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32188 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32107 Leadership Styles Within the South African Police Service: A Case of National Head Office Divisions and Components Pillay, Sandra Ann; Alers, Corlia The article investigates the leadership styles and ethical leadership at the National Divisions and Components of the South African Police Service (SAPS). The research problem for this article is that certain leadership styles negatively affect the organisational culture of the SAPS. The methodology entails online interviews that were conducted with Major Generals and Brigadiers of the Operational and Support Divisions at national level. Commanders of the Strategic Management Office were requested to complete an online questionnaire. It was deduced that the laissez-faire or delegative leadership style is the dominant leadership style practised. The article concluded that the command, and control leadership style is part of the culture of the SAPS and, as such, determines the behaviours of its leaders, managers and members, but hinders creativity. The majority of the participants felt that the culture of the SAPS makes it difficult for the organisation to adjust to internal and external changes. Recommendations were made to the SAPS to enhance ethical leadership. Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32107 2024-12-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32065 A framework for branding the City of Johannesburg as a cultural heritage destination Muzeza, Davis Widespread negative perceptions regarding Johannesburg can have a negative impact on tourism visitor numbers in the city. It is not clear whether city stakeholders are consulted for, or allowed to participate in, the city’s branding initiatives, which should typically be based on city stakeholders’ opinions. Therefore, it is evident that substantial knowledge gaps exist regarding the implementation of appropriate structures and processes for efficient and effective city branding. The current research entailed developing a framework for branding the City of Johannesburg that was tested among city stakeholders. The study followed a qualitative approach involving the use of a single case study, namely, the City of Johannesburg and a review of literature rooted in grounded theory was adopted for the study. Twelve individual in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in April 2022 to collect data. The data were analysed question by question as they appeared on the research instrument; Mianakanyo yo anama yo biha mayelana na Joni yi nga va na xitandzhaku xo biha ka nomboro ya vuendzi bya vapfhumba edorobeni. A swi le rivaleni leswaku vahlanganisi va doroba va tekeriwa enhlokweni, kumbe ku pfumeleriwa ku nghenela ka swirhangisiwa swo burenda swa doroba, leswi swi nga kongomisiwaka ka miehhleketo ya vahlanganisi. Hikwalaho ka sweswo, swi le rivaleni leswaku mavangwa ya mbhonihataka ya vutivi ya kona mayelana na ku humelelerisa ka swivumbiwa swa kahle na tiphurosese to enerisa na vukahle byo burenda bya doroba. Ndzavisiso wa sweswi wu katsa ku hluvukisa rimba ro burenda doroba ra Joni leri ri kamberiweke exikarhi ka vahlanganisi. Dyondzo yi landzela endlelo ra nkoka ri katsaka ku tirhisiwa ka dyondzontsongo yin’we, ku nga, Doroba ra Joni na mpfuxeleto wa matsalwa wu nga na thiyori ya dyondzo. Vanhu va khumembirhi ya hlawuriwile ka hlolahlola ya ndzhiko na mitlawa mimbirhi yo kongomisa ka mikanerisano kongomo. (FGDs) leyi endliweke hi Dzivamisoko 2022 ku hlengeleta data. Data yi xopaxopiwile xi; Wydverspreide negatiewe persepsies van Johannesburg kan ’n negatiewe impak hê op toerisme-besoekersgetalle in die stad. Dit is nie duidelik of stadsbelanghebbers geraadpleeg word, of toegelaat word om deel te neem aan die stad se handelsmerkinisiatiewe, watgewoonlik gebaseer moet wees op stadsbelanghebbers se opinies, nie. Dus is dit duidelik dat daar aansienlike kennisgapings bestaan wat betref die implementering van toepaslike strukture en prosesse vir doeltreffende stadshandelsmerkgewing. Die huidige navorsing het die ontwikkeling behels van ’n raamwerk vir die handelsmerkgewing van die stad Johannesburg wat getoets is onder stadsbelanghebbers. Die studie het ’n kwalitatiewe benadering gevolg wat die gebruik van ’n enkele gevallestudie behels het, naamlik die stad Johannesburg, en ’n oorsig van literatuurwat spruit uit gegronde teorie is aangeneem vir die studie. ’n Totaal van 12 individuele indringende onderhoude en twee fokusgroepbesprekings is uitgevoer in April 2022 om data in te samel. Die data is vraag vir vraag ontleed soos wat dit op die navorsingsinstrument verskyn het met die hulp van ATLAS.ti, weergawe 22.Ten tyde vandie konseptualiseringvan die studieis daar beperkte navorsing gedoen oor stadshandelsmerkgewing in Johannesburg. Dus is die studie se resultate daarop gerig om die gaping te vul wat in Suid-Afrikaanse handelsmerk-literatuur geïdentifiseer is. Die bevindings van die studie het getoon dat daar uit die stadsbelanghebbers se oogpunt ’n beperkte begrip en implementering van toepaslike stadshandelsmerk strukture en -prosesse is, wat gelei het tot minder doeltreffende stadshandelsmerkgewing. Die huidige studie is geïntegreer met bestaande literatuur om ’n omvattende raamwerk vir die handelsmerkgewing van die stad Johannesburg te ontwikkel. Metodologies gesproke kan die navorsingsinstrument wat in hierdie studie ontwerp is aangeneem word deur ander stede vir stadshandelsmerkgewing. Prakties gesproke kan die raamwerk vir die handelsmerkgewing van die stad Johannesburg deur ander stede gebruik word om hulle handelsmerk te ontwikkel, te bestuur en te evalueer. ’n Beperking van die studie is egter dat data slegs in Johannesburg ingesamel is, en net by toerisme-stadsbelanghebbers. Dus moet x toekomstige navorsing daarop fokus om die benaderings wat aangeneem is en die hulpmiddels wat in verskillende stede aangewend is te ondersoek en moet dit ook nie-toerisme-stadsbelanghebbergroepe ondersoek. Verder moet die raamwerk vir die handelsmerkgewing van die stad Johannesburg geldig bepaal word wat betref bestuursrelevansie binne die breër konteks van ander stede in Suid-Afrika, die res van Afrika en ander ontwikkelende lande Text in English with summaries in Afrikaans and Tsonga Wed, 01 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32065 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z