https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/2723 2026-05-07T16:34:29Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32386 Isizwe esingenankcubeko sizazi sodwa : Uphicothonzulu loncwadi lomlomo ekulondolozeni inkcubeko yamaXhosa kusetyenziswa inkcazobungcali yeSankofa Ngcingwana, Thunyelwa Olivia Olu phandonzulu luxhentsa luzombelela kwimbono ethi, inkcubeko yamaXhosa isecicini lokuqhubeka nokubhunyulwa, ngenxa yefuthe leenkqubo zale mihla ezifana nempucuko, iteknoloji nongenelelo lweenkolo neenkcubeko. Ebuthunjini balo olu phandonzulu lugxininisa ukuba, uncwadi lomlomo lusisisombululo esinamandla kwiintsindabadala ezigubungele inkcubeko yamaXhosa, nkcubeko leyo ekungafuneki icime ezingqondweni zoluntu, ingakumbi ulutsha. Uphandonzulu olu lubhentsisa ubuncacholo bokuchana koncwadi lomlomo ekulondolozeni nasekuphuhliseni inkcubeko yamaXhosa. Uphandonzulu luxhathisa ngeentsika zoncwadi lomlomo ezine ezithe zachongwa ngokwenjongo, ukuze zibe nguvimba wolwazi: amaqhalo, iintsomi, izibongo neengoma zomthonyama. Lo msebenzi ugwencela, uze uxhathise ngenkcazobungcali yeSankofa, ukuze kuphenduleke imibuzo oloyame ngayo uphandonzulu. Ngokwenkcazo, inkcazobungcali yeSankofa ithi makubuywe umva, kuyokulandwa amacebo neendlela zokuphila kuvimba kandalashe. Le nkcazobungcali isetyenziswa ke ngoko ukutolika iindidi ezine zoncwadi lomlomo, ukuze kuvele ukuba ziyilondoloza njani inkcubeko, ngabuni, futhi ngaziphi iindlela. Indlela yophandonzulu, eluphandontyilazwi nabakhwetha balo (uhlalutyonzulu lwetekisi nohlalutyonzulu lomxholo), basetyenziswa ukuqokelela uvimba wolwazi, ukuhlela uvimba ochongiweyo nokucacisa imigudu eyenziweyo ukuqhuba olu phandonzulu. Esi sifundo sililinge lokuzama ukubuyisa nokukhusela inkcubeko yamaXhosa phantsi koxinzelelo kwanefuthe lale mihla. Ithemba lelokuba isizukulwana sale mihla nezo zizayo, ziya kuthi zifunde nto kulo msebenzi, ingakumbi amaqhalo, iintsomi, izibongo neengoma zomthonyama, ngeli xesha imibuzo emininzi ebikade yombathe umzi kaXhosa iya kuthi iphenduleke. Mayibethelelwe into ethi, ezi ntsika zoncwadi lomlomo zichongiweyo aziyi kuthelekiswa ngokwamandla okanye imisebenzi yazo, koko ziyanconywa, ziyaphicothwa, ziyabhentsiswa, ukuze kuvele ukuba uncwadi lomlomo luyikhusela njani, nakweziphi iimeko inkcubeko. Text in Xhosa 2025-11-17T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32299 Portrayal of death, grief, and loss in selected Sesotho poems: a formalist approach Rasenyalo, Nonhlanhla Gertrude The portrayal of death, grief, and loss in Sesotho poetry, which employs formalist theory as a theoretical framework for analysis and interpretation, is severely lacking in research. The theoretical significance of this study is to contribute to the existing body of research by examining how Basotho poets depict death, grief, and loss in their artistic literary creations, thereby highlighting the enduring power of language to explore these profound and universal aspects of human experience. In addition, the study adopted a descriptive qualitative approach underpinned by both the content and interpretative analyses. The population for this study was culled from a range of Sesotho poems as sources for data collection, with sixteen selected poems serving as a purposive sample for the current study. Since death, grief, and loss are ubiquitous human phenomena that are intensely emotional and traumatic experiences, the reader will gain the ability to interpret a poem's words in a variety of ways, including as expressions of empathy, loneliness, rage, frustration, and other emotions. This will give readers new perspectives and a profound understanding that these phenomena are universal and inevitable experiences for all humans and that confronting these themes does not alter their inevitability. Instead, it fosters a greater appreciation and acceptance of the immutability of these phenomena, treats them with respect and dignity, and teaches readers how to cope with these themes effectively. The findings and recommendations of this study will help promote Sesotho poetry among other indigenous languages as worthy of academic scrutiny, especially on the portrayal of death, grief, and loss.; Pōpo ea lefu, masoabi le tahlehelo dithothokisong tsa Sesotho, tse sebedisang mohopolo oa formalism e le motheo oa ho sekaseka le ho toloka, e sa ntse e haella haholo dipatlisisong. Bohlokoa ba thuto ena ke ho kenya letsoho dipatlisisong tse seng di le teng ka ho hlahloba kamoo dithothokiso tsa Basotho di bontšang lefu, masoabi le tahlehelo ka hara mesebetsi ea bonono, ka ho totobatsa matla a tswellang pele a puo ho hlalosa le ho vii hlakisa dintlha tse tebileng tsa bophelo ba motho. Ho feta moo, thuto ena e tla sebedisa mokgwa o hlalosang le o boleng, o tšehetsweng ke dihlahlobo tsa ditaba le tlhaloso. Sehlopha sa diphuputso se tla nkwa dibukeng tse fapaneng tsa dithothokiso tsa Sesotho, moo dithothokiso tse leshome le metso e tšeletseng di tla khethwa e le mohlala o reretsweng thuto ena. Kaha lefu, masoabi le tahlehelo ke tse ding tsa dintho tse tlwaelehileng bophelong ba batho tse amang maikutlo ka botebo le tse bohloko haholo, mmadi o tla kgona ho toloka mantswe a thothokiso ka ditsela tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsa ho bontša kutlwelo-bohloko, bohloki, kgalefo, tshitiso ea maikutlo le tse ding. Sena se tla fa babadi pono e ncha le kutloisiso e tebileng ea hore ditaba tsena ke karolo e sa qobeheng bophelong ba motho, mme hore ho tobana le tsona ha ho fetole taba ea hore dia etsahala. Ho e na le hoo, ho ruta kamohelo le teboho ea hore di ke ke tsa fetoha, ho di ananelala le ho di nka ka seriti, hape ho ruta babadi hore na ba ka sebetsana jwang le ditaba tsena ka katleho. Diphetho le ditlhahiso tsa thuto ena di tla thusa ho phahamisa dithothokiso tsa Sesotho hara dipuo tse ding tsa matsoalloa e le tse lokelang ho shejwa le ho hlahlobisiswa ka pono ea thuto, haholoholo mabapi le popo ea lefu, masoabi le tahlehelo dithothokisong 2025-11-24T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32130 Impophomobuciko yemiba yamabhinqa nesini kwimibongo echongiweyo yesiXhosa Thengimfene, Anelisa Olu phandonzulu luphonononga nzulu ukuzotywa kwamabhinqa kwimibongo yesiXhosa echongiweyo, kugxilwe kwimibongo ebhalwe ziimbongi ezingamadoda nabasetyhini, kubekwe umnwe kwimixholo yobugorha, ubutshantliziyo, ubunkokeli nobunina. Imibongo echongiweyo iquka: Umfikazi uCharlotte Mnyhi Maxeke ngokubhalwe nguSEK Mqhayi, A! No-Ndwe nguSEK Mqhayi, uMfikazi uNkskz uNozizwe Sigcawu nguDLP Yali-Manisi, Umfikazi uFrances Nonhi Mkencele nguSEK Mqhayi, A! Nosimo! NguS. Ngqongqwana, UNobomi nguSG Mama, Umfikazi uMbokazi nguSEK Mqhayi, kunye noUWinnie Madikizela-Mandela ngokubhalwe nguS Maputi. Le mibongo ityunjwe ngenxa yokuzoba abafazi kwiindima ezintsonkothileyo ezicel' umngeni izithethe zesini zemveli kwaye iqaqambise igalelo loluntu kunye nokuchasa okulindelweyo ngokwesini. Olu phandonzulu lujonge ukufumanisa ukuba indlela abazotywe ngayo abasetyhini inegalelo njani kwinguqu yentlalo kunye nokulingana ngokwesini. Uphononongo lusebenzisa uphandontyilazwi ukuqokelela ulwazi, ngakumbi uhlalutyo lomxholo, ukuphanda amaqhinga olwimi kunye nezixhobo zoncwadi zesiNtu ezisetyenziswe kwimibongo. Le ndlela yenza ukuba umphandinzulu akwazi ukuphonononga nzulu ukuba obu buchule boncwadi bunegalelo njani ekuzotyweni kwabasetyhini kwimisebenzi ekhethiweyo. Uphononongo nzulu luqulunqwe phakathi kwezithako ezimbini: Ubufazi baseAfrika, obujongene nemiba yabasetyhini baseAfrika, kunye nesithako sesini, esinika imiba ebanzi yokuphonononga ukuhlangana kwesini, kubandakanywa iimbono zamadoda kunye nabafazi. Ekugqibeleni, olu phononongonzulu lunegalelo kwiingxoxo mpikiswano eziqhubekayo malunga nokumelwa ngokwesini kuncwadi lwesiNtu, ngakumbi kwimeko yesihobe sesiXhosa, lunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nokukhula kwamabhinqa kwizithethe zoncwadi lwesiNtu. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32125 Marito mo vutisa eka Xitsonga Mnisi, Relate Marito mo vutisa ma kongomisa eka loko ku vutisiwa nhlokomhaka mhaka yo karhi exivulweni. Riendli ri ri roxe a ri swi koti ku vutisa nhlokomhaka mhaka yo karhi kambe ri kota ku hi byela swokarhi leswi humelelaka exivulweni. Hikokwalaho ka leswi, maendli ma boheka ku tirha swin’we na marito mo vutisa exivulweni mo tanihi hikokwalahokayini, kwihi, rini, mani, njhani, yini leswaku ma kota ku vutisa nhlokomhaka swokarhi exivulweni. Ndzavisiso lowu wu langutanile na swikongomelotsongo swinharhu, ku nga mhaka ya swipimelo swo hlawula marito hi xikongomelo xo kumisisa swihluvi swa mbulavulo leswi tirhaka na marito mo vutisa lama lavisisiweke. Mhaka ya vumbirhi yi langutanile na vulongoloxamarito bya marito mo vutisa laha ku nga langutiwa hilaha marito mo vutisa ma longolokaka hakona eswivulweni. Mhaka yo hetelela leyi khumbiwaka eka ndzavisiso lowu i ya tinxaka ta michumu leyi nga tirhaka tanihi tinhlokomhaka na swiendliwa swa marito mo vutisa eka Xitsonga. Ndzavisiso lowu wu endliwile hi ku landza matirhelo ma thiyori ya lexical semantics. Mhakakulu leyi thiyori leyi yi kongomaneke na yona i rito ku nga ri xivulwa. Ndzavisiso lowu i wa xivumbeko xa nkoka hikuva wu kongomisa eka tinhlamuselo leti kumekaka loko marito mo vutisa ma tirha eka swivulwa swa Xitsonga. Switiviwa swa ndzavisiso lowu swi hlengeletiwile hi ku tirhisa endlelo ra khopasi. Hi ku tirhisa endlelo leri, ku tsavuriwile swivulwa leswi eka swona ku tirheke marito mo vutisa kusuka eka matsalwa ma Xitsonga ma vutlhokovetseri na mitlango. Mbuyelo wa ndzavisiso lowu wu kombisa leswaku marito mo vutisa ma na nkoka swinene eka ku paluxa tinhlamuselo na le ka matirhelo ma mona. Ndzavisiso wu kumile leswaku loko swi ta eka swipimelo swo hlawula marito, marito mo vutisa ma tirhile na swihluvi swo hambanahambana swa mbulavulo, ngopfungopfu swivulwahava swa maendli na maviti. Hi ku langutisa vulongoloxamarito bya marito mo vutisa, hi kumile leswaku marito mo vutisa eka Xitsonga ma swi kota ku kumeka emasungulweni, exikarhi na le makumu ka swivulwa. Xohetelela, hi kumile leswaku michumu yo hanya na leyi nga hanyiki yi tirhisiwa hi marito mo vutisa tanihi tinhlokomhaka na swiendliwa eswivulweni; Interrogative words in question formation focus on eliciting specific information within a sentence. A verb alone cannot pose a question about a particular subject; rather, it describes events or actions occurring within a sentence. Therefore, interrogative words must work together with question words like why, where, when, who, how, and what to query specific information within a sentence. The study focuses on three specific objectives. The first objective deals with lexical restrictions on word choice. Here, the goal is to identify the speech complements that co-occur with the interrogative words being investigated. The second aspect explores the syntax of interrogative words. This involves examining the positioning of interrogative words within the sentence. The final objective investigates the types of phrases that can function as subjects or objects of interrogative words in Xitsonga. This study is conducted based on the principles of lexical semantics. The central focus of this theory is the word, not the sentence. This study is significant because it provides descriptions of how interrogative words function in Xitsonga sentences. The data for this research were collected using a corpus-based approach. Using this method, sentences in which interrogative words were employed were extracted from Xitsonga poetry and drama books. The results of this study demonstrate that interrogative words are crucial for uncovering meanings and constructing meaningful utterances. The research finds that, in terms of lexical restrictions, interrogative words are used with a variety of speech complements, especially in subject(less) clauses and nominal constructions. Regarding the syntax of interrogative words, it is found that interrogative words in Xitsonga can appear at the beginning, middle, or end of sentences. Lastly, it is found that both animate and inanimate entities are used as subjects and objects in sentences with interrogative words. Text chiefly in Tsonga with some English, abstracts in Tsonga and English 2024-11-01T00:00:00Z