https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/172 2026-06-15T17:29:05Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32604 The earliest colonial farms in the Tygerberg region of the Western Cape (Cape Colony): a landscape archaeological study Breytenbach, Marius Ebersohn This study examines the earliest colonial farms established in the Tygerberg region of the Western Cape (Cape Colony) as the Cape transitioned from a fragile VOC victualling station to a permanent agrarian colony during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The research investigates the dynamic interaction between early settler farmers and the Tygerberg landscape during a formative phase of colonial settlement. Using a landscape archaeological approach, the study explores how colonists in a rural frontier context conceptualised, organised, and transformed their environment, and how these processes were materialised in the archaeological record. The rural colonial landscape is treated as an artefact shaped by accumulated human activity and influenced by environmental conditions, institutional frameworks, and everyday practices. Drawing on cultural landscape theory, landscape biography, and phenomenological perspectives, the study integrates archival sources, GIS-based spatial analysis, architectural recording, and targeted archaeological investigation. A systematic time–space analytical framework is applied to identify and interpret successive occupational layers across a network of early Tygerberg farms, with particular attention to farm werf layouts, building practices, farming strategies, and land-use patterns. The findings demonstrate that early Tygerberg farms were not static or uniformly planned entities, but rather dynamic, evolving landscapes characterised by adaptation, experimentation, and incremental development. Variations in werf layouts, construction materials, and spatial organisation reflect a pragmatic negotiation between European cultural traditions, VOC regulations, and the environmental realities of the Cape frontier. These practices reveal the emergence of locally grounded colonial identities and ways of dwelling that predate and anticipate the vernacular architectural forms traditionally associated with the eighteenth century. By treating the rural colonial landscape as an active historical agent rather than a passive backdrop, this study contributes to broader debates in historical and landscape archaeology concerning colonialism, identity formation, and human–environment interaction. It also provides the first comprehensive landscape-based archaeological study of the earliest Tygerberg farms, demonstrating the value of integrative and biographical; Hierdie studie ondersoek die vroegste koloniale plase wat gedurende die laat sewentiende en die vroeë agtiende eeu in die Tygerberg-streek van die Wes-Kaap (Kaapkolonie) gevestig is. Dit ondersoek die dinamiese wisselwerking tussen vroeë koloniale boere en die Tygerberg-landskap gedurende die vormingsfase van koloniale nedersettings waartydens die Kaap oorgegaan het van ‘n kwesbare VOCverversingstasie na ‘n permanente landboukolonie. Deur gebruik te maak van ‘n landskapargeologiese benadering, ondersoek die studie hoe Europese setlaars in ‘n landelike grenskonteks hul omgewing gekonseptualiseer, georganiseer en getransformeer het, en hoe hierdie prosesse in die argeologiese rekord vasgevang is. Die landelike koloniale landskap word hanteer as ‘n artefak wat gevorm is deur voortdurende menslike aktiwiteite en beïnvloed is deur omgewingstoestande, institusionele raamwerke en alledaagse praktyke. Deur te steun op kultuurlandskapteorie, landskapbiografie en fenomenologiese perspektiewe, integreer die studie argivale bronne, GIS-gebaseerde ruimtelike analise, argitektoniese opnames en gerigte argeologiese ondersoek. ‘n Sistematiese tyd– ruimte-ontledingsraamwerk word toegepas om opeenvolgende bewoningslae oor ‘n netwerk van vroeë Tygerberg-plase te identifiseer en te interpreteer, met besondere aandag aan die uitleg van plaaswerwe, boupraktyke, boerderystrategieë en grondgebruikspatrone. Die bevindinge toon dat vroeë Tygerberg-plase nie statiese of eenvormig beplande entiteite was nie, maar eerder dinamiese, ontwikkelende landskappe gekenmerk deur aanpassing, eksperimentering en inkrementele ontwikkeling. Variasies in die uitleg van werwe, boumateriaal en ruimtelike organisasie weerspieël ‘n pragmatiese verdiskontering van Europese kulturele tradisies, VOC-regulasies en die omgewingsrealiteite van die Kaapse grensgebied. Hierdie praktyke openbaar die ontstaan van plaaslik gegronde koloniale identiteite en woonwyses wat die Kaapse streeksargitektuur wat tradisioneel met die agtiende eeu geassosieer word, voorafgegaan en geantisipeer het. Deur die landelike koloniale landskap as ‘n aktiewe historiese agent eerder as ‘n passiewe agtergrond te hanteer, dra hierdie studie by tot breër debatte in historiese en landskapargeologie rakende kolonialisme, identiteitsvorming en mens–omgewinginteraksie. Dit bied ook die eerste omvattende landskapgebaseerde argeologiese studie van die vroegste Tygerberg-plase, wat die waarde van integrerende en biografiese benaderings demonstreer vir die ondersoek van vroeë koloniale kontekste wat gekenmerk word deur ‘n vae argeologiese nalatenskap en gefragmenteerde dokumentêre rekords.; Nkambisiso lowu wu kambisisa mapurasi yosungula ya vukoloni lawa ya simekiweke eka ndzhawu ya Tygerberg ya exifundzhakulu xa Western Cape (Cape Colony) eku heleni ka lembe xidzana ravu makume- nkombo na le kusunguleni ka khume-nhungu. Loko Cape yi cinca kusuka eka xitichi xo nyenyela xa VOC lexinga kuya eka koloni ya nkarhi hinkwawo ya “agrarian”, vulavisisi byi lavisisa ku tirhisana loku cinca cincaka exikarhi ka van’wamapurasi vosungula va vavakoloni xikan’we na ndzhawu ya Tygerberg hinkarhi wa xiphemu xo vumba xa vutshamo bya vukoloni. Hi ku tirhisa endlelo ra ndzhawu ya matimu ya khale , ndzavisiso wu lavisisa ndlela leyi vahlapfa va le tindhawini ta le makaya va anakanyeke, va hleleke ni ku hundzula mbango wa vona ha yona, ni ndlela leyi endlelo leri ri humeleleke ha yona eka tirhekhodo ta ndhawu ya matimu ya khale. Tindhawu ta le makaya ta tikoloni ti langutiwa tanihi nchumu lowu vumbiweke hi migingiriko ya vanhu leyi hlengeletiweke ni leyi kuceteriweke hi swiyimo swa mbango, swivumbeko swa minhlangano ni maendlelo ya siku na siku. Ku dirowiwa ka thiyori ya swa vutshami bya mfuwo ku tirhisa matimu ya ndzhavuko na mavonelo ya ntumbuluko, dyondzo leyi yi hlanganisa swihlovo swa vuhlayiselo, ku hlahluvisisa mbango loku sekeriweke eka GIS, ku rhekhoda ka miako na vulavisisi bya ndhawu ya matimu ya khale lebyi kongomisiweke. Ku tirhisiwa endlelo ra nkarhi na ndzhawu ku kumisisa no hlamusela swiyimo swa mintirho leyi landzelanaka hi ku landzelana eka netiweke ya mapurasi yo sungula ya Tygerberg, hi ku yisa nyingiso wo hlawuleka eka ku vekiwa ka mapurasi, maendlelo yo aka, maendlelo ya vurimi na maendlelo yo tirhisa misava Leswi kumiweke swi kombisa leswaku mapurasi ya khale ya Tygerberg a ma nga yimi kumbe a ma kunguhatiwe hi ndlela leyi fanaka, kambe a ma ri ya matimba, a ma cinca-cinca naswona a ma fambisana ni ku cinca-cinca, ku ringeta swilo ni ku hluvuka hakatsongo-tsongo. Ku hambana eka ndlela leyi “werfs layout” swi akiwaka ha yona, swilo swo aka ha swona na nhleleko wa ndhawu swi kombisa ku twanana exikarhi ka mindhavuko ya ndhavuko ya le Yuropa, milawu ya VOC, na mbango wa le ndzilakaneni wa Cape. Maendlelo lawa ya komba ku humelela ka vutitivisi bya tikoloni bya laha kaya na tindlela ta ku tshama leti nga emahlweni na ku langutela swivumbeko swa vuaki bya ndhavuko leswi fambelanaka na lembe xidzana ra vukhume nhungu. Hi ku languta tindhawu ta le makaya ta tikoloni tanihi xiphemu xa matimu ku nga ri ndhawu yo tshama eka yona, ndzavisiso lowu wu hoxa xandla eka minjhekanjhekisano yo anama ya matimu ni vuyimburi bya tindhawu ta khale mayelana ni vukoloni, ku vumbiwa ka vutitivisi ni ku tirhisana ka vanhu ni mbango. Yi tlhela yi nyika ndzavisiso wo sungula lowu heleleke wa vuyimburi bya masimu yo sungula ya Tygerberg, yi kombisa nkoka wa tindlela to hlanganisa ni ta ntivo-vutomi ku lavisisa swiyimo swo sungula swa tikoloni leti nga ni vuthala bya vuyimburi lebyi nga vonakiki kahle ni tirhekhodo ta matsalwa leti nga ni swiphemu-phemu. Text in English, with abstract in English, Afrikaans and Tsonga 2026-02-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32574 A traumatic experience from an intimate partner’s violence : a personal catharsis through art Mohale, Makoma Boitumelo This study explores art as a means to work through a lived traumatic experience because of an intimate partner’s violence. It examined the therapeutic qualities of artmaking to process past trauma and facilitate personal catharsis. Practice-led research methods culminated in an exhibition forming part of the research process. The artworks readdress the researcher’s past traumatic experience of intimate-partner violence and represent her journey of working through her experiences through art to reach personal catharsis. Narrative therapy and therapeutic journaling theories facilitated this study. The theories advance therapeutic outcomes of healing and catharsis by crafting metaphorical narratives of difficult experiences and expressing them through art. Data were collected by means of a multi-method approach within artistic research design and practice-led research methods, together with thick descriptions. Reflective narrative and autoethnography formed the method of analysis. The findings demonstrate that art offers multiple pathways to safely revisit and express traumatic experiences of intimate-partner violence and to share one’s experience, inspire dialogue and facilitate personal catharsis.; Dinyakišišo tše di lekola bokgabo bjalo ka mokgwa wa go šoma ka maitemogelo a kgatelelo a monagano ao batho ba phetšego ka ona ka lebaka la dikgaruru tša baratani. Di lekotše boleng bja kalafo bja go dira bokgabo bja go šoma ka kgatelelo ya monagano ye e tseneletšego ye e fetilego le go nolofatša tšweletšo ya bohloko ka matšwasehlabelo. Mekgwa ya dinyakišišo ye e laolwago ke tirišo e feleleditše ka gore go be le pontšho ye e bopago karolo ya tshepedišo ya dinyakišišo. Bokgabo bo ahlaahla leswa maitemogelo ao a fetilego a kgatelelo ya monagano ye e tseneletšego a dikgaruru tša baratani ebile bo emela leeto la gagwe la go šoma ka maitemogelo a gagwe ka go diriša bokgabo gore a kgone go fihlelela tšweletšo ya bohloko bja gagwe. Diteori tša kalafo ka kanegelo le kalafo ka kgašo di nolofaditše dinyakišišo tše. Diteori tše di tšwetša pele dipoelo tša kalafo tša go fola le tša tšweletšo ya bohloko ka go hlama dikanegelo tša tshwantšhišo tša maitemogelo a boima le go a tšweletša ka go diriša bokgabo. Tshedimošo e kgobokeditšwe ka tsela ya mekgwa ye mentši ya dinyakišišo ka gare ga tlhamo ya dinyakišišo ya tša bokgabo le mekgwa ya dinyakišišo ya go laolwa ke tirišo, gammogo le mokgwa wa tlhathollo ya tša leago. Kanegelo ya kgopodišišo le kanegelo ka ga maitemogelo a gago di bopile mokgwa wa tshekatsheko ya tshedimošo. Dikutollo di laetša gore bokgabo bo fana ka ditsela tše ntši tša go etela leswa le go hlagiša maitemogelo a kgatelelo ya monagano ye e tseneletšego ka polokego ye e bakwago ke dikgaruru tša baratani le go abelana ka maitemogelo a gago, go hlohleletša dingangišano le go nolofatša tšweletšo ya bohlokwa bja maitemogelo ao.; Olu phando luphonononga ubugcisa bokuzoba njengendlela yokuqubisana nomenzakalo ophilwe kumava omntu ngenxa yobundlobongela beqabane/umntu omthandayo. Luvavanye iimpawu zonyango loxinzelelo ngobugcisa bokuzoba ukusebenza umenzakalo owadlulayo kwanokukhuthaza ukukhulula intliziyo yomntu. Iindlela zophando ezikhokelwa kukwenza zakhokelela kumboniso ukwenza inkqubo yophando. Umsebenzi wobugcisa bokuzoba ubonisa phandle amava okuchukumiseka okudlulileyo komphandi ngenxa yobundlobongela beqabane/umntu omthananayo kwaye umele uhambo lwakhe ngokujonga amava akhe ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa bokuzoba ukuze afikelele kokumchukumisayo. Iingingane/iithiyori yonyango ngokubalisa ngokutsha nokubhala kwijenali okuphilisayo zizo ezenze lula olu phando. Iingcingane/iithiyori ziqhubela phambili iziphumo zonyango lokuphila nokukhulula intliziyo ngokuthi kwenziwe ubaliso ngezikweko ngamava anzima ukuze avakaliswe ngobugcisa bokuzoba. Iinkcukacha zophando zaqokelelwa ngendlela yeemethodi ezininzi kunkqulunqo lophando lobugcisa bokuzoba kunye neemethodi ezikhokelwa kukwenza, zikunye neenkcazelo ezibanzi. Iimethodi yohlalutyo yenziwe ngembaliso engamava nenzululwazi yebali elibaliswa ngumbhali ngokwakhe ngamava nangeentlanga. Iziphumo zibonakalisa ukuba ubugcisa bokuzoba bunika iindlela ezininzi zokuqwalasela kwakhona ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye zivakalise amava omenzakalo wobundlobongela beqabane/umntu omthandayo nokwabelana ngamava, ukuphembelela incoko nokukhuthaza ukukhupha okuchukumisayo emntwini. Abstract in English, Sepedi and IsiXhosa 2025-02-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32551 An exploratory study on the uses and gratifications of smartphones in the workplace: a case study of the National Energy Regulatory of South Africa (NERSA) Mabaso, Fikile Maud Smartphone use in the workplace has shown both positive and negative effects. The study examines how employees of the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA) utilise smartphones and the gratifications derived from their use. The Regulator permits all employees, including general staff and management, to use smartphones during working hours to enhance communication and improve service delivery in the energy industry. However, the absence of a regulatory framework in the form of policies, regulations, and guidelines leaves it unclear how smartphones should be used and managed in the workplace. The researcher identified a gap in the literature on smartphone use in the workplace, particularly within an organisation such as NERSA, thereby necessitating this study. No researcher had conducted this type of work at the time of the study. The study adopted an interpretive paradigm to explore the uses and gratifications of smartphones in the workplace and to understand how staff and management utilised smartphones. The study was largely qualitative and used descriptive statistics. The target population comprised two hundred and twenty (220) NERSA employees. Of these, eighty-eight (88) took part. The study employed the uses and gratifications theory to explore how smartphones were utilised in the workplace. Self-administered online questionnaires, comprising open- and closed-ended questions, were distributed via SurveyMonkey to collect data. Respondents were sent an online questionnaire via a link in their email. The data from open-ended questions were analysed and organised thematically, while the data from closed-ended questions were presented in graphs and tables. It was found that employees used their smartphones more for personal activities than for work-related tasks, with personal use in the workplace exceeding 15 percent. The study recommends increasing smartphone use in the workplace to better benefit organisations. Policies, regulations, or guidelines should be adopted to advise employees on this matter. 2025-09-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32533 Unveiling the shifting landscape : a sociolinguistic exploration of women’s representation in Northern Sotho Literature through the lens of written sources Ndlovu, Anthea Lucy The purpose of this research study is to conduct a comprehensive sociolinguistic analysis of the portrayal of women in Northern Sotho literature, charting the evolution of their representation by examining various written resources. In particular, the sociolinguistic analysis of these literature works can uncover hidden narratives of women’s experiences and roles in society. Recognising the powerful role literature plays in shaping societal perceptions, this research endeavours to shed light on the changing dynamics of gender representation in the Northern Sotho cultural context. By employing a multidisciplinary approach, combining sociolinguistics, literary analysis, and feminist theory, this study seeks to uncover nuanced insights into the evolving status, roles, and narratives surrounding women in Northern Sotho literature. The researcher observes that for many years women have endured some form of oppression from patriarchal societies. Unfortunately, this is still the case in some parts of the world. Yet women have and are still playing a pivotal role in societies. However, over the years strides have been made towards the emancipation of women. The study will also explore the concept of feminism, its evolution, and how it is striving to fight for women’s rights and liberation.; Morero wa nyakišišo ye ke go dira tshekatsheko ye e feletšego ya thuto ya polelo ya leago ya go swantšhwa ga basadi ka dingwalong tša Sesotho sa Leboa, go bolela ka tlhagelelo/ebolušene ya boemedi bja bona ka go lekola dingwalwa tša go fapafapana. Tshekatsheko ya thuto ya polelo ya leago (sošiolinkwistiki) ya dingwalwa tše e ka utulla dikanegelo tše di utilwego tša maitemogelo a basadi le dikarolo setšhabeng. Go lemoga tema ye maatla yeo dingwalwa di e kgathago go bopeng temogo ya setšhaba, nyakišišo ye, e katanela go hlabiša seetša ka ga diphetogo tša boemedi bja bong ka gare ga seemo sa setšo sa Sesotho sa Leboa. Ka go šomiša mokgwa wa go dira dikarolo tše dintši, go kopanya thuto ya leago, tshekatsheko ya dingwalwa, le teori ya bosadi, thuto ye e nyaka go utulla ditemogo tše di sa lemogegego ka ga maemo ao a fetogago, dikarolo, le dikanegelo tšeo di bolelago ka basadi dingwalong tša Sesotho sa Leboa. Monyakišiši o lemoga gore mengwaga ye mentši basadi ba kgotleletše kgatelelo ye itšego go tšwa ditšhabeng tša bopatriareka. Ka manyami, go sa le bjalo dinageng tše dingwe. Le ge go le bjalo, basadi ba sa kgatha tema ye bohlokwa ditšhabeng. Fela, mengwageng ya go feta, go dirilwe dikgato tša go lokolla basadi. Thuto ye e tla hlahloba gape kgopolo ya bosadi, tlhagelelo ya yona, le ka moo go katanelago go lwela ditokelo tša basadi le tokologo.; Hierdie navorsingsstudie poog om ‘n omvattende sosiolinguistiese analise te onderneem van die uitbeelding van vroue in die Noord-Sotho letterkunde deur die evolusie van hul beskrywing te ondersoek in verskeie geskrewe bronne. In die besonder kan die sosiolinguistiese ontleding van hierdie literêre werke verborge narratiewe van vroue se ondervindinge en rol in die samelewing aan die lig bring. Gedagtig aan die kragtige rol wat letterkunde speel in die vorming van sosiale persepsies, poog hierdie navorsing om lig te werp op die veranderende dinamiek van geslagsuitbeelding in die Noord-Sotho kulturele konteks. Deur gebruik te maak van ‘n multidissiplinêre benadering, wat sosiolinguistiek, literêre analise en feministeteorie kombineer, stel hierdie studie hom ten doel om genuanseerde insigte in die ontwikkelende status, rolle en narratiewe rondom vroue in Noord-Sotho letterkunde te ontbloot. Die navorser merk op dat vroue oor baie jare een of ander vorm van onderdrukking deur patriargale gemeenskappe verduur het. Ongelukkig is dit nog steeds die geval in sekere dele van die wêreld. Desnieteenstaande het vroue ‘n sleutelrol in gemeenskappe gespeel en doen dit nog steeds. Tog is daar oor die jare vordering gemaak ten opsigte van die emansiepasie van vroue. Die studie ondersoek ook die konsep van feminisme en sy evolusie, asook sy stryd vir die regte en bevryding van die vrou. Abstracts and keywords in English, Northern Sotho and Afrikaans 2025-10-11T00:00:00Z