https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/30866 2026-06-19T16:02:30Z 2026-06-19T16:02:30Z Mdingi, Kholeka https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32643 2026-06-17T13:53:55Z 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z

Bridging the divide : the impact of financial inclusion on income inequality in Africa Mdingi, Kholeka The study empirically investigates the impact of financial inclusion on income inequality across 25 African countries from 2006 to 2022. Promoting financial inclusion has become a core strategy for economic development in emerging economies, focusing on advancing access for low-income households and small businesses. The existing literature suggests that such efforts yield various benefits for economic and financial development, which, in turn, may reduce income inequality. This potential link raises an important question: Does the movement toward greater financial inclusion effectively reduce income inequality? Empirical research examining the link between financial inclusion and income inequality is important, particularly in Africa, a developing region with high income inequality. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of financial inclusion – measured by access, penetration and usage dimensions and an overall index – on income inequality using the two-step system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), and the Quantile Regression testing techniques. The findings indicate that access to financial services and products, their penetration, and the financial inclusion index reduce income inequality, particularly in countries at medium to high quantiles of the income inequality distribution, while it increases it at lower quantiles. Policy makers should implement policies that expand access to and penetration of formal financial services and products, and complement financial inclusion efforts with measures to reduce wealth gaps. In contrast, the findings show that the use of financial services and products increases income inequality, particularly in countries at medium to high quantiles of the income inequality distribution, while reducing it at lower quantiles. This suggests that financial use, in terms of credit and savings, tends to widen rather than reduce income inequality, benefitting those already financially included, while disadvantaged groups remain excluded. Policymakers should implement policies that promote income-generating activities and improve the earning capacity of disadvantaged populations before promoting this form of financial use. They should also promote more accessible alternative forms of financial use, such as digital payment systems and internet banking, to reduce barriers for small businesses and low-income groups. Furthermore, policymakers should pursue financial education initiatives to enable poor people to use these digital financial services and products effectively.; Kwenziwe uphando ngokwamava xa kuphandwa impembelelo yokufikelela okuqukayo emalini kumba wokungalingani kwemivuzo kumazwe angama-25 elizwekazi iAfrika ukususela kunyaka wama-2006 ukuya kuthi ga kowama-2022. Ukuqhubela phambili ukufikelela okuqukayo emalini sisicwangciso esingundoqo sophuhliso loqoqosho lwamazwe anoqoqosho olusakhasayo kwaye sijolise ekubeni siphucule ukufikelela kwamakhaya anemivuzo emincinane kunye namashishini amancinane. Uncwadi olukhoyo lubalula ukuba iinzame ezilolu hlobo zinceda ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho nolwemali, kwaye oku kunokuwucutha umsantsa wokungalingani kwemivuzo. Olu nxulumano olunokwenzeka luvusa umbuzo obalulekileyo: Ingaba ukufikelela okuqukayo emalini kuyawucutha ngokwenene na umsantsa wokungalingani kwemivuzo? Lubalulekile uphando ngokwamava oluhlola unxulumano phakathi kokufikelela okuqukayo emalini kunye nomsantsa wokungalingani kwemivuzo, ingakumbi kwilizwekazi iAfrika eliyingingqi esakhasayo enowona msantsa mkhulu wokungalingani kwemivuzo. Olu phando luphengulula isiphumo sokufikelela okuqukayo emalini – silinganiswa ngemilinganiselo yokufikeleleka, eyokungena neyokusetyenziswa nangesalathisi ngokubanzi – kumsantsa wokungalingani kwemivuzo lusebenzisa inkqubo emanyathelo amabini iGeneralised Method of Moments (GMM), kunye neendlela zokuhlola iQuantile Regression. Iziphumo zobonise ukuba ukufikelela kwiinkonzo nakwiimveliso zemali, ukungena kuzo kunye nesalathisi sokufikelela okuqukayo emalini ngokubanzi kuyawucutha umsantsa wokungalingani kwemivuzo, ingakumbi kumazwe akumanqanaba aphakathi ukusa kwaphezulu okungalingani kwemivuzo, ukanti kuyawunyusa kumazwe akumanqanaba asezantsi. Kufuneka abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo bamilisele imigaqo-nkqubo eyandisa ukufikeleleka nokungena kwiinkonzo neemveliso zemali ezisesikweni kwaye bawunciphise umsantsa wobutyebi besebenzisa ukufikelela okuqukayo emalini. Iziphumo zichasene noku kuba zona zibonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa iinkonzo neemveliso zemali kuyakwandisa ukungalingani kwemivuzo, ingakumbi kumazwe akumanqanaba aphakathi naphezulu ngokwemivuzo engalinganiyo, ukanti kumazwe akumanqanaba asezantsi okungalingani kwemivuzo oku kuyakunciphisa ukungalingani kwemivuzo. Oku kuxela ukuba ukusebenzisa imali ngamatyala nangokulondoloza imali kuyakwandisa ukungalingani kwemivuzo endaweni yokokuba kukunciphise kwaye kunceda abo asele bequkiwe emalini lo gama beqhubeka nokusala ngaphandle abo bangathathi ntweni. Phambi kokuba abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo baqhubele phambili olu hlobo lokusetyenziswa kwemali kufuneka bamilisele imigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza ukwenziwa kwezinto ezingenisa umvuzo neziphucula ubuchule bokungenisa imali ebantwini abahlelelekileyo. Kufuneka baqhubele phambili iindlela ezizezinye ezifikelelekayo zokusebenzisa imali ezifana neenkqubo zokuhlawula ngedijithali nokubhanka ngeintanethi ukuze kuguzulwe imiqobo ethintela amashishini amancinane kunye nabantu abamkela imivuzo emincinane. Ngaphaya koko, kufuneka abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo benze amaphulo okufundisa ngemali ngelincedisa abantu abahlelelekileyo ukuze bakwazi ukusebenzisa ezi nkonzo neemveliso zemali zedijithali ngokukuko.; Die studie ondersoek empiries die impak van finansiële insluiting op inkomste-ongelykheid in 25 Afrikalande van 2006 tot 2022. Die bevordering van finansiële insluiting het ʼn kernstrategie vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling in ontluikende ekonomieë geword, met die fokus op die bevordering van toegang vir lae-inkomste huishoudings en klein besighede. Die bestaande literatuur dui daarop dat sulke pogings verskeie voordele vir ekonomiese en finansiële ontwikkeling inhou, wat weer inkomste-ongelykheid kan verminder. Hierdie potensiële skakel laat ʼn belangrike vraag ontstaan: Verminder die beweging na groter finansiële insluiting inkomste-ongelykheid effektief? Empiriese navorsing wat die verband tussen finansiële insluiting en inkomste-ongelykheid ondersoek, is belangrik, veral in Afrika, ʼn ontwikkelende streek met hoë inkomste-ongelykheid. Hierdie studie ondersoek dus die uitwerking van finansiële insluiting – gemeet aan toegang-, penetrasie- en gebruiksdimensies en ʼn algehele indeks – op inkomste-ongelykheid met behulp van die tweestap-stelsel algemene metode van momente (AMM) en die kwantielregressie-toetstegnieke. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat toegang tot finansiële dienste en produkte, die penetrasie en die algehele finansiële insluitingsindeks inkomste-ongelykheid verminder, veral in lande met medium tot hoë kwantiele van die inkomste-ongelykheidsverspreiding, terwyl dit met laer kwantiele verhoog. Beleidsmakers behoort beleid te implementeer wat toegang tot en penetrasie van formele finansiële dienste en produkte uitbrei en finansiële insluitingspogings met maatreëls aanvul om welvaartgapings te verminder. In teenstelling hiermee toon die bevindinge dat die gebruik van finansiële dienste en produkte inkomste-ongelykheid verhoog, veral in lande met medium tot hoë kwantiele van die inkomste-ongelykheidsverspreiding, terwyl dit by laer kwantiele verminder. Dit dui daarop dat finansiële gebruik, in terme van krediet en spaargeld, geneig is om inkomste-ongelykheid te verbreed eerder as te verminder, wat diegene wat reeds finansieel ingesluit is, bevoordeel, terwyl benadeelde groepe uitgesluit bly. Beleidsmakers behoort beleid te implementeer wat inkomste-genererende aktiwiteite bevorder en die verdienvermoë van benadeelde bevolkings verbeter voordat hulle hierdie vorm van finansiële gebruik bevorder. Hulle behoort ook meer toeganklike alternatiewe vorme van finansiële gebruik, soos digitale betaalstelsels en internetbankdienste, te bevorder om versperrings vir klein besighede en lae-inkomstegroepe te verminder. Verder behoort beleidsmakers finansiële opvoedingsinisiatiewe na te streef om arm mense in staat te stel om hierdie digitale finansiële dienste en produkte effektief te gebruik Abstracts in English, Xhosa and Afrikaans

2025-10-01T00:00:00Z Makgolane, Lerato Annikie https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32567 2026-06-01T13:04:26Z 2025-09-01T00:00:00Z

The implementation of employment equity : the case of the Department of Employment and Labour Makgolane, Lerato Annikie This study explored perceptions on the implementation of employment equity within the Department of Employment and Labour in South Africa, a key institutional player in promoting workplace fairness and equality. Following the transition to democracy, the South African government enacted the Employment Equity Act, 1998 (Act 55 of 1998) to redress historical imbalances and provide equal employment opportunities to all citizens. The study employed a case study design and adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques to gain an in-depth understanding of the research problem. A stratified random sample of 50 employees was drawn from a larger population in the Department. Data collection instruments included structured questionnaires with Likert-scale items and semi-structured open-ended questions. The study was underpinned by the Compliance Theory, particularly the deterrence and normative perspectives, to examine how employees perceive and respond to employment equity mechanisms within the Department of Employment and Labour. The findings revealed that while there are commendable efforts toward compliance with the Act, full implementation has not yet been achieved. Participants acknowledged improvements in diversity and inclusivity but highlighted challenges such as inadequate enforcement, limited stakeholder engagement and gaps in leadership commitment. The study recommends enhanced educational programmes to promote diversity, improved resource allocation, transparent promotion criteria, and regular evaluation of equity initiatives. These strategies aim to accelerate the implementation of employment equity and foster a more inclusive public sector work environment. Overall, the study offers a critical reflection on both progress made and areas needing improvement in the implementation of employment equity within South Africa's public service.; Thuto ye e lekotse dikgopolo ka ga phethagatso ya tekatekano ya mesomo ka gare ga Kgoro ya Mesomo le Basomi ka Afrika Borwa, yeo e tsewago bjalo ka sebapadi se segolo sa setheo ka go lesolo la go ya go toka le tekatekano ya mafelong a mosomo. Mmuso wa Afrika Borwa, ka morago ga go hlongwa ga mmuso wo o kgethilwego ka temokrasi, o ile wa dira molao wa Tekatekano ya Mesomo, 1998 (Molao wa 55 wa 1998), wo o ikemiseditsego go lokisa go se lekalekane ga nako ye e fetilego le go fa badudi ba wona ka moka dibaka tsa go lekana tsa mesomo. Thuto e latela tlhamo ya nyakisiso ya mohlala, mola e amogela mekgwa ya boleng le ya boleng ya kgoboketso ya datha ka nepo ya go hwetsa kwesiso ye e tseneletsego ya taba ya nyakisiso yeo e lego ka seatleng. Sampole ya go se kgethe ye e arotswego ka maemo ya basomi ba 50 e ile ya nepiswa go tswa go baagi ba bantsi go tswa go Kgoro ya Mesomo le Basomi. Didiriswa tse di somisitswego di be di akaretsa dipotsiso tseo di bego di akaretsa dipotsiso tse di tswaletswego tseo di nago le motheo go tswa go sekaleng sa Likert, gammogo le dipotsiso tse di bulegilego tseo di sa rulaganywago ka botlalo. Dikutollo di laetsa gore, le ge go na le maitapiso ao a retegago a go obamela Molao wa Tekatekano ya Mesomo, 1998 (Molao wa 55 wa 1998), kobamelo ka botlalo ga se ya phethagatswa. Go bolela nnete, batswasehlabelo ba tiiseditse mokgwa wo mokaone wa go akaretsa bohle le go fapafapana, eupsa ba supa ditlhohlo tse dingwe tseo di lekanyetsago phethagatso ka botlalo. Thuto e sisinya gore go godisa khuetso ya tekatekano ya mesomo, Kgoro e swanetse go etisa pele mananeo a thuto go tswetsa pele go fapafapana, go netefatsa kabo ya methopo ye e lekanego, go hloma dikelo tse di kwagalago tsa go hlatlosetswa maemong, le go sekaseka ka mehla go soma gabotse ga maitapiso a yona. Ditshisinyo tse di ikemiseditse go kaonafatsa lebelo le go soma gabotse ga mekgwa ya tekatekano ya mesomo, go tsenya letsogo tikologong ya lefelo la mosomo ye e lekalekanego kudu le ye e akaretsago bohle. Thuto e fa tshekatsheko ye bohlokwa ka ga bobedi dikatlego le mafelo ao a swanetsego go kaonafatswa ka phethagatsong ya tekatekano ya mesomo ka lefapheng la mmuso la Afrika Borwa.; Lolu cwaningo lucubungule imibono mayelana nokuqaliswa kokulingana kwezemisebenzi eMnyangweni Wezokuqashwa Nezabasebenzi eNingizimu Afrika, othathwa njengenhlangano ebambe iqhaza elibalulekile emkhankasweni wokubheka ubulungisa nokulingana emsebenzini.. Uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika, kulandela ukusungulwa kukahulumeni okhethwe ngentando yeningi labantu, washaya uMthetho Wokulingana Kwezokuqashwa, we-1998 (uMthetho wama-55 we-1998), okuhloswe ngawo ukulungisa ukungalingani kwesikhathi esedlule kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamathuba omsebenzi alinganayo kuzo zonke izakhamuzi zawo. Ucwaningo lulandela umklamo wocwaningo, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuqoqa idatha zenani nekhwalithi ukuze kuqondwe kabanzi udaba locwaningo oludingidwayo. Isampula ehleliwe engahleliwe yabasebenzi abangama-50 yayiqondiswe kubantu abaningi abavela eMnyangweni Wezokuqashwa Nezabasebenzi. Amathuluzi asetshenzisiwe afaka phakathi uhlu lwemibuzo oluhlanganisa imibuzo evaliwe enesisekelo esikalini se-Likert, kanye nemibuzo evulekile enesakhiwo esakhiwe kancane. Okutholakele kukhomba ukuthi, nakuba kunemizamo encomekayo yokuthobela uMthetho Wokulingana Kwezokuqashwa, 1998 (uMthetho wama-55 ka-1998), ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho ngokugcwele akukenziwa. Eqinisweni, ababambiqhaza baqinisekise indlela engcono yokuhlanganisa nokuhlukahluka, kodwa bakhomba izinselele ezithile ezikhawulela ukuqaliswa okuphelele. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthelela wokulingana kwezemisebenzi, uMnyango kufanele ubeke eqhulwini izinhlelo zemfundo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwehlukahlukana, uqinisekise ukwabiwa kwezinsiza ezanele, umise indlela ecacile yokukhushulwa, futhi uhlole njalo ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo zawo. Lezi zincomo zihlose ukuthuthukisa ijubane nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinqubo zokuqasha ngokulingana, okunomthelela endaweni yokusebenza enokulingana nefaka wonke umuntu. Lolu cwaningo luhlinzeka ngesithombe esibucayi kukho kokubili okuzuziwe kanye nezindawo okufanele zenziwe ngcono ekuqalisweni kokusebenza ngokulingana emkhakheni kahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika. Abstracts in English, Zulu and Northern Sotho

2025-09-01T00:00:00Z Scott, Keith https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32530 2026-06-04T08:29:23Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

#Disabled and incarcerated : the autoethnographical study of an ex-offender Scott, Keith This autoethnographic study examines my lived experiences as a disabled man and ex-offender as I navigate the complex challenges of change, physical rehabilitation, societal reintegration, and a period of incarceration. I reflect on how the limitations imposed by my disability and the correctional environment influenced my identity, autonomy, and self-perception. Incarceration, with its inherent restrictions on independence and social interaction, exacerbated the feelings of vulnerability, isolation, and dependency that I often experienced as someone living with a disability. Following an ethonographical method, this qualitative study analyses the interplay of stigma, self-care practices, and resilience. Relocating myself after a traumatic experience reveals significant insights, accenting the positive effect that education, both in life and formal learning environments, can have on one’s lived reality. The theoretical framework, influenced by theories of criminality, social stigma and resilience, highlights the significance of adaptive strategies in addressing emotional struggles, including shame, guilt, and loss of dignity. The study’s main themes reveal the crucial role that family support, community, and self-compassion have played in reconstructing my self-worth and identity amid adversity. Through the lens of my personal experiences, this study uncovers the profound impact of early life experiences, the challenges of navigating a world defined by physical limitations and the relentless pursuit of meaning. This phenomenological study contributes to critical disability studies, offering insights into how disabled individuals in societal and institutional settings navigate societal expectations of autonomy and reconstruct their sense of self. Interpretative analysis allows me to advocate for more inclusive and empathetic approaches within rehabilitative and correctional environments acknowledging the transformative potential of resilience and relational support for marginalised individuals.; Hierdie outo-etnografiese studie ondersoek my geleefde ervarings as ‘n gestremde man en voormalige oortreder terwyl ek die komplekse uitdagings van verandering, fisiese rehabilitasie, maatskaplike herintegrasie en ‘n tydperk van inhegtenisneming navigeer. Ek besin oor hoe die beperkings wat my gestremdheid en die korrektiewe omgewing opgelê het, my identiteit, outonomie en selfpersepsie beïnvloed het. Inhegtenisneming, met sy inherente beperkinge op onafhanklikheid en sosiale interaksie, het die gevoelens van kwesbaarheid, isolasie en afhanklikheid wat ek dikwels as ‘n gestremde persoon ervaar het, vererger. Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie analiseer die wisselwerking tussen stigma, selfversorgingspraktyke en veerkragtigheid. Om myself ná ‘n traumatiese ervaring weer te hervestig, het beduidende insigte geopenbaar, wat die positiewe uitwerking van opvoeding—sowel in die lewe as in formele leeromgewings— beklemtoon. Die teoretiese raamwerk, beïnvloed deur teorieë oor kriminaliteit, sosiale stigma en veerkragtigheid, beklemtoon die belangrikheid van aanpasbare strategieë om emosionele uitdagings, insluitend skaamte, skuldgevoelens en die verlies aan waardigheid, aan te spreek. Die hoof temas van hierdie studie toon die deurslaggewende rol van gesinsondersteuning, gemeenskap en selfdeernis in die heropbou van my selfwaarde en identiteit te midde van teenspoed. Deur die lens van my persoonlike ervarings ontbloot hierdie studie die diepgaande impak van vroeë lewenservarings, die uitdagings van ‘n wêreld gedefinieer deur fisiese beperkinge, en die onverskrokke strewe na betekenis. Hierdie fenomenologiese studie dra by tot kritiese gestremdheidsstudies deur insigte te bied oor hoe gestremde individue in maatskaplike en institusionele omgewings, die samelewing se verwagtinge van outonomie navigeer en hul selfbegrip rekonstrueer. Interpretatiewe ontleding stel my in staat om te pleit vir meer inklusiewe en empatiese benaderings binne rehabiliterende en korrektiewe omgewings, en erken die transformerende potensiaal van veerkragtigheid en verhoudingsondersteuning vir gemarginaliseerde individue.; Lolu cwaningo lwe-autoethnography lubheka izinselelo engihlangabezane nazo njengendoda ekhubazekile futhi eyake yahlala ejele, lapho ngizama ukumelana nezinguquko ezinzima, ukwelulama ngokomzimba, ukungena emphakathini kabusha, kanye nesikhathi sobusha ejele. Ngiyazindla ngokuthi izithiyo ezibangelwa ukukhubazeka kwami nendawo yezokulungiswa kwezigebengu zathinta kanjani ubuwena bami, ukuzimela kwami, nokuthi ngizibona kanjani. Ukuvalelwa ejele, ngenxa yemikhawulo yakhona yokuzimela kanye nokuxhumana nabanye, kwenze imizwa yokuba sengozini, ukuphelelwa yithemba, kanye nokuncika kwabanye kwaba nzima kakhulu kimi njengomuntu okhubazekile. Lolu cwaningo lwekhwalithethivu luhlaziya ubudlelwane phakathi kwehlazo lomphakathi, imikhuba yokuzinakekela, kanye nokukhuthazela. Ukuzithola kabusha ngemuva kwesigameko esinzima kwangiholela ekuqondeni okujulile, futhi kwagqamisa umthelela omuhle wemfundo—kokubili empilweni nangaphakathi kwezikhungo zemfundo. Umongo walo cwaningo ususelwa ezimfundweni zobugebengu, ihlazo emphakathini, kanye nokukhuthazela, okuveza ukuthi amasu okuvumelana nezimo abalulekile ekubhekaneni nemizwa enjengamahloni, isazela, kanye nokulahlekelwa isithunzi. Izindikimba ezisemqoka ziveza ukubaluleka kokwesekwa ngumndeni, umphakathi, kanye nokuzihawukela ekwakheni kabusha ukuzazisa kwami kanye nobuwena bami phakathi kwezimo ezinzima. Ngokusebenzisa izipiliyoni zami, lolu cwaningo lukhombisa umthelela onzulu wokuhlangenwe nakho kwasebuntwaneni, ubunzima bokuphila ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhubazeka, kanye nokufuna injongo empilweni. Lolu cwaningo lwe-phenomenology lunomthelela kwizifundo zokukhubazeka ezibucayi, luphakamisa ukuqonda indlela abantu abakhubazekile abaphila ngayo ngaphansi kwezingcindezi zomphakathi kanye nezinhlangano, bephinde bazame ukuthola ukuthi bayini nokuthi bangobani. Ukuhlaziya izipiliyoni zami kuyanginika amandla okukhuthaza izindlela ezibanzi nezinozwelo kakhulu ezindaweni zokuvuselela nasezinhlelweni zezoluleko, ngokuqaphela amandla amakhulu okukhuthazela nokwesekwa kwezobudlelwano kwabangavikelekile emphakathini. Abstracts and keywords in English, Afrikaans and IsiZulu

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Mukungu, Isaac https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32502 2026-06-15T11:16:26Z 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z

Information behaviour of refugees in North Western Uganda Mukungu, Isaac Information behaviour attempts to understand how different categories of users respond to, and utilise information products. This study focussed on exploring the behaviour of refugees in North Western Uganda in relation to their need for information, the means by which they seek information, the ways in which they use information and the problems encountered in the processes of information interaction. Because refugees face different integration and sustenance difficulties in their host communities, this study offers insights that can ameliorate refugees’ situations in host communities through information access and use. The study was qualitative in nature and adopted phenomenological design. Its population included refugees in North Western Uganda including youths above 18 years of age and adult women and men as well as refugee administrators from the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) of Uganda at Bidi Bidi refugee settlement. A purposively selected sample of 60 participants was used in the study. Non participatory observation, group and individual interview techniques were espoused to gather data. Data collected were analysed thematically using Atlas.ti 24 version and presented and interpreted into meaningful information that depicted the lived experiences of refugees at Bidi Bidi settlement. Findings from the study revealed that refugees had various information needs including faith and spiritual, legal, economic, sociological, technological and others. Refugees utilised a multitude of information sources including persons, media based as well as community centres in their information seeking. Refugees possessed different information seeking patterns and behaviours. Based on the refugees’ information seeking and use patterns, a model depicting refugees’ information behaviour in pursuit of information needs satisfaction was developed. Refugees faced physiological, sociological, psychological and technological difficulties in their information seeking and use which generated recommendations that ensure information access and use among the refugee community. The study findings offer insights that help comprehend refugees’ information behaviour and offer measures to overcome information seeking and use difficulties at Bidi Bidi settlement by modelling the refugees’ information behaviour. The study was limited by language barrier resulting in more time in the field.

2025-03-01T00:00:00Z