https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/29633 2026-06-19T14:30:17Z 2026-06-19T14:30:17Z Theron, Danie Jacobus https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/32595 2026-06-10T12:07:20Z 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z

The management of issues in community pharmacies Theron, Danie Jacobus Given the dynamic and changing nature of the business environment in the Republic of South Africa, into which the added dimension of social, political and economic complexities intrude, and given the dynamic business environment in which community pharmacies currently (1993) operate, it is imperative that community pharmacists, particularly owners and managers, anticipate, identify and analyze, as well as, manage issues impacting on the future viability of community pharmacies. However, uncertainty exists regarding the ability of owners and managers of community pharmacies to manage issues affecting community pharmacies. This poses a problem for the future viability of community pharmacies. This study attempts to outline the critical issues impacting on community pharmacies within their task, and macro-environments and attempts to find an answer to the question of how issues affecting community pharmacies should be managed. Four hypotheses are formulated and twelve objectives are stated in order to complete this study. Focused interviews, media reports on community pharmacies and pharmaceutical industry publications provided information on the issues impacting on community pharmacies. These issues were regarded as preliminary issues. Empirical research, confirmed that there are a number of issues impacting on the future viability of community pharmacies. Literature studies on issues management provided information on the concept of issues. The term issues as it applies to issues management is defined as: Emerging, current or unfolding conditions of pressure in the task, and macro-environments of organizations which, through the public policy process, impact on the future viability of organizations. The different categories of issues according to their stage of development, their social context and their strategic dimension were also analyzed. Apart from emerging and current issues, a new concept of 'unfolding issues' is introduced in this study. The diminishing ability of organizations to influence issues as they develop in relation to time, as well as the importance of identifying issues during the early stages of development is emphasized. Literature studies provided information on the concept of issues management. For the purpose of this study, issues management is defined as: A management process determined to identify and analyze issues which can have a strategic impact on the future viability of an organization as well as managing an effective response to such issues. From the theoretical deliberation of issues management, as well as deductions from the empirical research conducted in this study, the conclusion is reached that issues management, as a management process, can be applied by owners/managers of community pharmacies. From the descriptive statistical results it is further concluded that owners/managers of community pharmacies do identify and analyze issues, and that they manage responses to such issues. The quality of issues management, as applied by owners/managers of community pharmacies was, however, not determined. A factor analysis revealed that the media, communication, networking and strategic management are used as aids by owners/managers in the management of issues affecting community pharmacies. Other relationships among selected independent and dependent variables are also explored in this study. The empirical research conducted in this study indicates that pharmacists as owners/managers of community pharmacies are not adequately equipped to apply the process of issues management in community pharmacies. In this regard it is recommended that community pharmacists can be only become part of an issues identification program when trained to identify issues by effectively applying environmental scanning techniques. In conclusion, recommendations on how to apply the process of issues management within professional pharmacy organizations are provided.

1994-01-01T00:00:00Z Mokgatlhe, Phefo L. https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/31668 2026-06-10T12:09:59Z 2000-10-01T00:00:00Z

Grade 12 teachers' attitude towards mass-media transmitted educational supplements Mokgatlhe, Phefo L. The purpose of this research was to investigate the essence of Grade 12 teachers' attitude towards the use of Mass-Media Educational Supplements,to textbooks and teachers as well. Firstly, the study sought to examine Grade 12 teachers' use of Mass-Media in their lessons. Secondly, the study sought to determine problems Grade 12 teachers experience when they apply Mass-Media in their lessons.Lastly, the study sought to determine the cause of problems for Grade 12 teachers when applying Mass-Media. Data were collected from one school in Thabong (Welkom). Two instruments were used to collect the data. The first instrument was the questionnaire which collected primary data, and the second instrument was the interview which collected secondary data to complement the primary data collected through the questionnaires. The results have revealed that Grade 12 teachers do in fact, have a positive attitude towards having to use Mass-Media Educational Supplements. The problem lies with lack of resources at schools. and also the time clashes at school with the time for example on which The Learning Channel is being aired. This study therefore. recommends that problems with regard to the time- table and lack of resources be addressed from a higher level than the school level. and also that Mass-Media supplements being in schools, should be centrally co-ordinated. They should be just left as a loose Text in English

2000-10-01T00:00:00Z Kwasha, Linda Loretta https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/31323 2024-06-20T10:28:35Z 2002-03-01T00:00:00Z

Canons of indigenous traditions and Western values: the voice of African women writers Kwasha, Linda Loretta The study is aimed at analyzing the Canons of lndigenous Traditions and Western Values: The Voices of African Women Writers focusing in different genres written by African women writers with the exception of one book which is entitled lkamva Lethu which is written by a male author. This study examines critically the way African women writers approach the issues that affect their lives, socially, emotionally, psychologicalJy, politically, culturally and personally. This thesis attempts to delve into the reality of the concerns of women in our societies. Our analysis is based on different genres in which every topic is first and foremost being introduced by the responses from different interviewees to prove the relationship between written work and what is happening in our society. Literature review of other works researching on related issues are given consideration. Biographical details of some African women writers are provided where their background of writing is being pointed out. The term African literature is also given consideration since this study is based on the works of African women writers. A brief account of field research and how the data was collected including the conditions on which the interviews were conducted is also a part of the study. The theoretical framework where the whole study will be based has been discussed. An acclectical approach has been employed where more than one theory has been dissected. These are the theories that are going to form the base of the study; psychoanalysis where different views from different psychoanalists such as Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Lacan, Julliet Mitchell will be tested, womanism, which aimed at the unity of blacks everywhere under the enlightened control of men and women, feminism will also form part of our theoretical framework. The African traditional canons are examined where women writers are voicing out their concerns about African tradition and how women are sometimes being disadvantaged by the tradition. Western values will discuss women as individual rather than as dependent people who cannot reason about their own values instead seeing themselves being forced to accept patriarchy imposed on them. The voice of African women writers will be tested where they show their commitment in their womanhood and they wilJ tell the truth of being a woman. Beyond gender inequality explores the way in which these inequalities are being implemented and how do people and characters respond to them. This leads to the concluding remarks where the assessment of the general overview of the study will be made. The applaud is being given to the women writers who portray the courage of seeing the necessity of putting forward their feelings and how they want the world to view them as women

2002-03-01T00:00:00Z Robinson, Melanie-Jane https://ir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/31309 2024-06-12T13:10:49Z 2002-07-01T00:00:00Z

The development and application of the signature as an identification method in the South African law Robinson, Melanie-Jane Whilst a signature is not a formality in our law in order for a valid and binding transaction to be concluded, it is invariably appended to identify the signatory, affirm the signatory's intention to append his/her signature and in so doing bind the signatory to the contents of the document. South African law has rarely found it necessary to define what is meant by a signature, never legislating it but rather dealing with it on an ad hoc basis. New signature methods are dealt with analogously with the ways in which traditional manuscript signatures have previously been treated by our law. Section A deals with the traditional manuscript signature with regards to the form it assumes as well as the functions it must fulfil. The uses of the traditional signature and its areas of application are identified. It is established that a signature does not have to be a signatory's name but can take the from of a mark, be it a seal, rubber stamp and so on, as long as it is made with the intention of signifying assent to the document. The traditional manuscript signature has played an extensive role in banking law and an extensive discussion is thus necessary. As our society becomes less reliant on paper, businesses have been slow to embrace electronic commerce which in part is due to the perception that electronic commercial transactions are not secure. However, the increasingly widespread use of electronic communications demands a reassessment of what constitutes a valid signature. Section B exammes the forms of the electronic signature. An orientation of such forms is necessary to provide the reader with a general introduction into what constitutes an electronic signature before embarking on a lengthy discussion of each form, namely PINs and passwords, biometric identification and digital signatures. PINs and passwords serve to identify and bind the signatory and are thus deemed to be electronic signatures. A heavier reliance is thus placed on the functions that they perform. Biometric identification, as a form of electronic signature, refers to the automatic identification of an individual based on his/her physiological or behavioural traits, in an electronic environment. Biometrics is a recent technological advancement which is gaining more impetus daily. Each biometric technology is discussed, including fingerprinting, hand geometry and keystroke dynamics, as well as their performance as a technology and their respective applications. It is felt that these technologies have the ability to impinge on a person's basic fundamental rights. This latter constitutional aspect thus forms an integral part of the discussion and analysis. Digital signatures provide a secure means of concluding transactions over the Internet, while ensuring the integrity and authenticity of the information to which they correspond. It serves the same purpose as a traditional signature in that it allows the recipient of a digitally signed communication to determine whether the communication was changed after it was digitally signed. Thus the recipient knows the communication came from the sender albeit that it takes a different form. As it is also a relatively new technology, a detailed discussion is expedient and a multidisciplinary approach has to be adopted. The way in which a digital signature operates, as well as where it comes from ( cryptography) is discussed to assist the reader in understanding the difficult technological concepts. The areas of application areas are extensively investigated as South Africa has no legislation regulating electronic commerce and thus has to rely on existing legislation. An investigation is made into how these laws (which relate to the physical world) can be used to regulate cyberspace. Thus the development of the law relating to traditional manuscript signatures and other forms of signature, used for hard copy documents, is examined, tracing the move in judicial and legislative thinking from an approach that basically placed emphasis on form to one which is more reliant on the function which a signature performs. Vlll Section C deals with an examination of electronic signature law as a vehicle for advancing electronic commerce, already applied in various foreign countries. Herein the viability of electronic commerce legislation in South Africa is explored, and the approach which should be adopted in South Africa in order to ensure that it does not stifle e-commerce is analysed. In March 2002, the South African legislature introduced the Electronic Communications and Transaction Bill of 2002, which attempts to regulate such issues. Mention is made of the Bill throughout this dissertation and it is foreseen that such reference is necessary as it is in all likelihood to be passed as legislation, despite contentious objections. In this dissertation the conclusion is reached that a signature, as a legal concept, bears no relationship to the popular understanding of a name on paper in the signatory's own handwriting. A signature is not a 'thing', but a process. If that process produces sufficient evidence that a person has adopted a document as his/her own, and that document before the court is the same document to which the process was applied, then the document has been signed in legal terms. It is irrelevant whether the result of the process is a visible name, symbol, or a logical alteration of information content, as long as it provides sufficient evidence of the transaction .

2002-07-01T00:00:00Z